施肥对增温促花后‘长寿冠’海棠叶片生长及光合特性的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202016

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 114-120.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202016

施肥对增温促花后‘长寿冠’海棠叶片生长及光合特性的影响

梁文超¹(), 步行¹, 罗思谦¹, 谢寅峰¹^,^*(), 胡加玲², 张往祥¹

1.南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京 210037
2.北京市城市河湖管理处,北京 100089

收稿日期:2022-02-28 修回日期:2022-11-18 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-10-10
作者简介:梁文超(liangwenchao77@163.com)。
基金资助:
国家林业和草原局科技发展中心项目(KJZXXP202213)

Effects of fertilization on the leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage

LIANG Wenchao¹(), BU Xing¹, LUO Siqian¹, XIE Yinfeng¹^,^*(), HU Jialing², ZHANG Wangxiang¹

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment,Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Beijing Municipal Administration of Rivers and Lakes,Beijing 100089,China

Received:2022-02-28 Revised:2022-11-18 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究氮磷钾复合施肥对增温促花后的优质盆栽观赏海棠品种‘长寿冠’(Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’)生长和光合特性的影响,为‘长寿冠’增温促花后的复壮栽培提供理论依据。【方法】采用正交设计进行根部施肥试验,设置对照组(CK)和9个处理组(处理1—9)。研究其对生长、叶绿素相对含量、光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。【结果】 ①处理1—9均对‘长寿冠’单株叶片数和叶面积有显著影响。以处理8(N₃P₂K₁)效果最好,分别比对照增加了10.74%、11.13%,均差异显著(P<0.05)。②各处理组能显著提高叶片相对叶绿素量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r),胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)变化不明显,说明‘长寿冠’叶片净光合能力的提升是由气孔和非气孔两方面因素导致的。③处理1—9均提高了‘长寿冠’PSⅡ光化学淬灭系数(qP)、实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)和电子传递速率(ETR),以处理8效果最好。各施肥处理组的非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)均低于对照,表明施肥处理促进了叶片对光能的转化和利用效率,降低了光化学反应过程中的热耗散。④相关性分析表明,P_n与相对叶绿素含量、G_s、qP、叶面积、ETR、Φ_PSⅡ呈显著正相关,与NPQ呈负相关。相对叶绿素含量与叶面积、单株叶片数呈显著正相关,表明施肥处理通过提升‘长寿冠’的光合性能促进叶片的生长,叶片光合性能的改善与光能吸收及其转化利用效率的提高有关;叶绿素相对含量可以作为考量促花后施肥复壮效果的有效生理指标。【结论】适当配比的氮磷钾复合肥能有效促进增温促花后盆栽海棠‘长寿冠’叶片的生长,提升光合性能,最佳的氮磷钾肥配施方案为每株1.2 g氮肥、0.2 g磷肥、0.2 g钾肥。

关键词: ‘长寿冠’海棠, 氮磷钾配方施肥, 光合特性, 生长特性

Abstract:

【Objective】This research aims to explore the effects of combined nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of high-quality potted ornamental malus cultivar Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after a warming and flowering promotion, and to provide a theoretical basis for the rejuvenation cultivation of ‘Changshouguan’ after a warming and flowering promotion. 【Method】The root fertilization experiment was conducted by an orthogonal design, and the control group and nine treatment groups (treatments 1-9) were set up. The effects on growth, relative chlorophyll content, photosynthetic gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence were studied. 【Result】(1) Treatments 1-9 had significant effects on leaf number and leaf area per plant. Treatment 8 (N₃P₂K₁) had the best effect, increasing by 10.74% and 11.13% compared with the control, with significant differences (P<0.05).(2) The relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), and transpiration rate (T_r) of the leaves in all treatment groups increased significantly, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i) was not significantly changed, indicating that the increase in net photosynthetic capacity of the ‘Changshouguan’ leaves was caused by stomatal and non-stomatal factors. (3) The photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), photochemical efficiency (Φ_PSⅡ), and electron transfer rate (ETR) of PSⅡ were improved in treatments 1-9, with treatment 8 having the best effect. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of each fertilizer treatment group was lower than that of the control group, indicating that the fertilizer treatment promoted the conversion and utilization efficiency of light energy and reduced heat dissipation during the photochemical reaction. (4) Correlation analysis showed that P_n was positively correlated with relative chlorophyll content, G_s, qP, leaf area, ETR, and Φ_PSⅡ, and negatively correlated with NPQ. The relative chlorophyll content was significantly positively correlated with the leaf area and the number of leaves per plant, indicating that fertilization promoted the growth of the leaves by improving the photosynthetic performance of the ‘Changshouguan,’ and the improvement of the photosynthetic performance of the leaves was related to the improvement of the light energy absorption and the conversion and utilization efficiency. The relative chlorophyll content can be used as an effective physiological index to evaluate the effect of fertilization after anthesis. 【Conclusion】 The appropriate ratio of NPK compound fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of potting malus ‘Changshouguan’ leaves after heating and promoting flowering, and improve the photosynthetic performance. The best N, P, and K combined application scheme was 1.2 g N, 0.2 g P, and 0.2 g K per plant.

Key words: Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’, N, P, K formula fertilization, photosynthetic characteristics, growth characteristics

中图分类号:

S718

梁文超,步行,罗思谦,等. 施肥对增温促花后‘长寿冠’海棠叶片生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 114-120.

LIANG Wenchao, BU Xing, LUO Siqian, XIE Yinfeng, HU Jialing, ZHANG Wangxiang. Effects of fertilization on the leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(5): 114-120.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202016.

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试验编号 test No.	试验处理 treatment	施肥量/(g·株^-1) fertilization
试验编号 test No.	试验处理 treatment	尿素carbamide	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	N₀P₀K₀	0	0	0
1	N₁P₁K₁	0.4	0.1	0.2
2	N₁P₂K₂	0.4	0.2	0.4
3	N₁P₃K₃	0.4	0.3	0.6
4	N₂P₁K₂	0.8	0.1	0.4
5	N₂P₂K₃	0.8	0.2	0.6
6	N₂P₃K₁	0.8	0.3	0.2
7	N₃P₁K₃	1.2	0.1	0.6
8	N₃P₂K₁	1.2	0.2	0.2
9	N₃P₃K₂	1.2	0.3	0.4

指标 index	变异来源 source of variation	Ⅲ型平方和 SS of type Ⅲ	自由度 df	均方 MS	F	P	指标 index	变异来源 source of variation	Ⅲ型平方和 SS of type Ⅲ	自由度 df	均方 MS	F	P
NL	处理	3 252.545	10	325.255	4.919	0.001	SPAD	处理	130.252	10	13.025	13.509	<0.001
	误差	1 322.364	20	66.118				误差	19.284	20	0.964
	误差总和	3 469 815.000	33					误差总和	131 448.760	33
	校正总和	306 569.879	32					校正总和	219.639	32
SLA	处理	0.899	10	0.090	10.176	<0.001	NPQ	处理	0.222	10	0.022	32.352	<0.001
	误差	0.177	20	0.009				误差	0.014	20	0.001
	误差总和	1 031.343	33					误差总和	30.960	33
	校正总和	2.949	32					校正总和	0.824	32
P_n	处理	11.305	10	1.131	11.001	<0.001	qP	处理	0.017	10	0.002	29.070	<0.001
	误差	2.055	20	0.103				误差	0.001	20	5.959×10^-5
	误差总和	4 567.174	33					误差总和	17.462	33
	校正总和	70.573	32					校正总和	0.098	32
G_s	处理	0.004	10	<0.001	36.475	<0.001	ETR	处理	351.901	10	35.190	45.825	<0.001
	误差	0.000	20	1.176×10^-5				误差	15.358	20	0.768
	误差总和	2.535	33					误差总和	3 333 531.079	33
	校正总和	0.050	32					校正总和	897.094	32
T_r	处理	1.008	10	0.101	5.232	0.001	Φ_PSⅡ	处理	0.008	10	0.001	45.825	<0.001
	误差	0.385	20	0.019				误差	0.000	20	1.741×10^-5
	误差总和	518.754	33					误差总和	7.563	33
	校正总和	37.542	32					校正总和	0.020	32
C_i	处理	10.077	10	1.008	1.284	0.303	C_i	误差总和	3 731 958.930	33
C_i	误差	15.691	20	0.785			C_i	校正总和	5 484.216	32

指标index	NL	SLA	SPAD	P_n	G_s	T_r	C_i	qP	NPQ	Φ_PSⅡ	ETR
SLA	0.27	1
SPAD	0.58^*	0.60^*	1
P_n	0.36	0.73^**	0.51^*	1
G_s	0.40	0.86^**	0.64^**	0.60^*	1
T_r	0.58^*	0.37	0.42	0.11	0.51^*	1
C_i	0.32	0.15	0.34	0.15	0.29	0.29	1
qP	0.22	0.95^**	0.55^*	0.77^*	0.82^**	0.33	0.11	1
NPQ	-0.09	-0.82^**	-0.51^*	-0.55^*	-0.68^**	-0.20	-0.15	-0.778^**	1
Φ_PSⅡ	0.27	0.91^**	0.60^*	0.82^**	0.77^**	0.28	0.15	0.95^**	-0.73^**	1
ETR	0.27	0.91^**	0.60^*	0.82^**	0.77^**	0.28	0.15	0.95^**	-0.73^**	1.00^**	1

施肥对增温促花后‘长寿冠’海棠叶片生长及光合特性的影响

Effects of fertilization on the leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chaenomeles speciosa ‘Changshouguan’ after processing of warming in the post floral stage

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