吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带不同生境下白刺灌丛沙堆形态特征与影响机制

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202108028

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 172-180.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202108028

吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带不同生境下白刺灌丛沙堆形态特征与影响机制

魏亚娟¹^,²(), 郭靖³, 党晓宏²^,⁴^,^*(), 解云虎¹, 汪季², 李小乐², 吴慧敏²

1.包头师范学院资源与环境学院,内蒙古包头 014030
2.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018
3.内蒙古包钢稀土钢板材厂,内蒙古包头 014010
4.包头市林业和草原局, 内蒙古包头 014010

收稿日期:2021-08-15 修回日期:2022-11-27 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-10-10
作者简介:魏亚娟(weiyajuan0305@163.com), 讲师,博士。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41967009)

Morphological characteristics and influencing mechanisms of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas at different sandy land types in desert oasis ecotone of Jilantai

WEI Yajuan¹^,²(), GUO Jing³, DANG Xiaohong²^,⁴^,^*(), Xie Yunhu¹, WANG Ji², LI Xiaole², WU Huimin²

1. Department of Resource and Environment,Baotou Teachers’ College, Baotou 014030, China
2. College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
3. Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare Earth Steel Plate Co., Ltd.,Baotou 014010, China
4. Baotou Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Baotou 014010, China

Received:2021-08-15 Revised:2022-11-27 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)灌丛沙堆是吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带第一道生态防线,其形成与演化对绿洲防风固沙具有重要意义。定量分析不同沙地类型上白刺灌丛和沙堆形态参数的差异性,有助于探明沙地类型对白刺灌丛沙堆演化的影响。【方法】以不同流动沙地、半固定沙地和固定沙地等3种沙地类型白刺灌丛沙堆为研究对象,运用典型样方法对白刺灌丛沙堆形态与生长状况进行系统测定。【结果】 ①白刺灌丛沙堆的形态以椭圆形为主,半固定沙地、固定沙地白刺灌丛沙堆长轴(L)、短轴(W)、沙堆高(H)、水平尺度(D)、底面积(A)和体积(V)显著高于流动沙地(P<0.05)。②3种沙地类型白刺灌丛沙堆L与W呈一元线性关系,而白刺灌丛沙堆D与H、A与H、V与H和A与V均呈二次函数关系。③半固定沙地和固定沙地白刺灌丛沙堆植被盖度(C)、灌丛高度(h)和枝系密度(M)显著高于流动沙地(P<0.05),植被盖度比流动沙地分别增加62.35%和51.08%(P<0.05),灌丛高度分别增加35.84%和38.51%(P<0.05),枝系密度分别增加61.58%和72.77%(P<0.05)。【结论】随着吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带沙地的固定,白刺灌丛沙堆固沙能力增强,且灌丛生长状况越好,更新能力越强。

关键词: 白刺灌丛沙堆, 形态特征, 生长特性, 荒漠绿洲过渡带, 吉兰泰

Abstract:

【Objective】 Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas are the first ecological line of defense in the desert-oasis ecotone of Jilantai. The formation and evolution of these nebkhas are important for oasis wind prevention and sand fixation. 【Method】In this study, the morphological and growth characteristics of N. tangutorum nebkhas in different sand types (shifting sandy land, semi-fixed sandy land and fixed sandy land) were systematically determined using typical quadrat sampling methods. 【Result】The morphology of N. tangutorum nebkhas was mainly elliptical. The length (L), width (W), height (h), horizontal scale (D), bottom area (A) and volume (V) of N. tangutorum nebkhas were significantly higher in semi-fixed and fixed sandy lands than in shifting sandy land (P<0.05). For the morphological parameters of N. tangutorum nebkhas, there was a highly significant linear relationship between L and W in the three sandy lands. However, quadratic functional relationships were observed between D and H, A and H, V and H, and A and V in N. tangutorum. Vegetation coverage (C), shrub height (h), and branch density (M) of N. tangutorum nebkhas in semi-fixed and fixed sandy lands were significantly higher than those in shifting sandy lands (P<0.05). Compared to shifting sandy lands, C of N. tangutorum nebkhas in semi-fixed and fixed sandy lands increased by 62.35% and 51.08% (P<0.05), shrub height (h) increased by 35.84% and 38.51% (P<0.05), and M increased by 61.58% and 72.77% (P<0.05), respectively. 【Conclusion】The sand fixation capacity of N. tangutorum nebkhas was higher with the fixation of sandy lands. N. tangutorum shrubs grew well and the regeneration ability increased gradually with the fixation of sandy lands.

Key words: Nitraria tangutorum nebkha, morphological characteristics, growth characteristics, desert-oasis ecotone, Jilantai

中图分类号:

Q948

魏亚娟,郭靖,党晓宏,等. 吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带不同生境下白刺灌丛沙堆形态特征与影响机制[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 172-180.

WEI Yajuan, GUO Jing, DANG Xiaohong, Xie Yunhu, WANG Ji, LI Xiaole, WU Huimin. Morphological characteristics and influencing mechanisms of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas at different sandy land types in desert oasis ecotone of Jilantai[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(5): 172-180.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202108028.

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沙地类型 sandy land type	经纬度 latitude and longitude	海拔/m altitude	植被盖度/% vegetation coverage	土壤类型 soil type	伴生种 associated species
流动沙地 shifting sandy land	105°43'12″E, 39°48'48″N	999	9.83	风沙土、硬质钙积层	沙蓬(Agriophyllum squarrosum)、猪毛菜(Kali collinum)
半固定沙地 semi-fixed sandy land	105°43'17″E, 39°48'40″N	983	21.15	风沙土、硬质钙基层	沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)、梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)、沙米
固定沙地 fixed sandy land	105°43'28″E, 39°48'21″N	972	55.43	风沙土	芨芨草(Neotrinia splendens)、芦苇(Phragmites australlis)、苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)

形态参数 morphological characteristics	流动沙地(n=60) shifting sandy land				半固定沙地(n=79) semi-fixed sandy land				固定沙地(n=100) fixed sandy land
形态参数 morphological characteristics	max	min	MS±SE	CV	max	min	MS±SE	CV	max	min	MS±SE	CV
L/m	7.38	3.01	4.76±1.05 b	0.22	17.07	3.76	7.78±2.42 a	0.30	16.87	4.14	7.83±2.25 a	0.29
W/m	7.16	2.11	4.01±1.00 b	0.25	11.55	2.70	5.76±1.54 a	0.28	11.83	2.86	5.64±1.43 a	0.25
H/m	0.99	0.38	0.62±0.13 b	0.20	2.40	0.47	1.23±0.42 a	0.30	2.62	0.57	1.34±0.36 a	0.27
D/m	7.27	2.56	4.39±0.99 b	0.23	11.80	3.23	6.77±1.76 a	0.27	12.62	3.98	6.73±1.66 a	0.25
A/m²	11.41	4.02	6.89±1.55 b	0.23	18.53	5.07	10.63±2.77 a	0.27	19.82	6.24	10.57±2.61a	0.25
V/m³	27.29	1.27	7.12±3.74 b	0.67	174.86	2.51	34.94±21.98 a	0.93	195.90	4.67	37.91±24.77a	0.92
L/W	1.77	1.01	1.21±0.17 a	0.14	3.09	1.01	1.38±0.38 a	0.28	3.89	1.00	1.42±0.41 a	0.29
H/L	0.15	0.11	0.13±0.01 c	0.06	0.20	0.11	0.16±0.03 b	0.16	0.21	0.11	0.17±0.02 a	0.10
H/W	0.20	0.14	0.16±0.01 c	0.08	0.40	0.14	0.21±0.05 b	0.18	0.50	0.14	0.24±0.04 a	0.18

沙地类型 sandy land types	沙堆高 height of nebkhas		沙堆底面积 bottom area of nebkhas		沙堆体积 volume of nebkhas
沙地类型 sandy land types	H/m	频率/% frequency	A/m²	频率/% frequency	V/m³	频率/% frequency
流动沙地 (n=60) shifting sandy land	<1	100	<10	100	<10	100
	[1,2)	0	[10,20)	0	[10,20)	0
	[2,3)	0	[20,30)	0	[20,30)	0
	[3,4)	0	≥30	0	≥30	0
半固定沙地 (n=79) semi-fixed sandy land	<1	30.38	<10	44.30	<10	11.39
	[1,2)	64.56	[10,20)	55.70	[10,20)	27.85
	[2,3)	5.06	[20,30)	0	[20,30)	21.52
	[3,4)	0	≥30	0	≥30	39.24
固定沙地 (n=100) fixed sandy land	<1	20.00	<10	45.00	<10	15.00
	[1,2)	76.00	[10,20)	55.00	[10,20)	20.00
	[2,3)	4.00	[20,30)	0	[20,30)	16.00
	[3,4)	0	≥30	0	≥30	49.00

沙地类型 sandy land types	形态参数 morphological parameters	L	W	L/W	H	D	A	V	H/L	H/W
流动沙地 shifting sandy land (n=60)	L	1.000
	W	0.862^**	1.000
	L/W	0.038	-0.457^**	1.000
	H	0.967^**	0.963^**	-0.211	1.000
	D	0.967^**	0.963^**	-0.210	1.000^**	1.000
	A	0.967^**	0.963^**	-0.210	1.000^**	1.000^**	1.000
	V	0.922^**	0.942^**	-0.216	0.962^**	0.966^**	0.966^**	1.000
	H/L	0.407^**	0.097	-0.917^**	-0.167	-0.167	-0.167	-0.135	1.000
	H/W	-0.205	-0.654^**	0.970^**	-0.440^**	-0.439^**	-0.439^**	-0.425^**	-0.798^**	1.000
半固定沙地 semi-fixed sandy land (n=79)	L	1.000
	W	0.584^**	1.000
	L/W	0.626^**	-0.251	1.000
	H	0.902^**	0.740^**	0.373^**	1.000
	D	0.935^**	0.834^**	0.315^*	0.937^**	1.000
	A	0.935^**	0.834^**	0.315^*	0.937^**	1.000^**	1.000
	V	0.846^**	0.809^**	0.241	0.924^**	0.929^**	0.929^**	1.000
	H/L	0.215	0.503^**	-0.206	0.598^**	0.366^**	0.366^**	0.450^**	1.000
	H/W	0.700^**	0.005	0.845^**	0.665^**	0.478^**	0.478^**	0.450^**	0.340^**	1.000
固定沙地 fixed sandy land (n=100)	L	1.000
	W	0.668^**	1.000
	L/W	0.452^**	-0.313^**	1.000
	H	0.927^**	0.838^**	0.176	1.000
	D	0.946^**	0.874^**	0.159	0.972^**	1.000
	A	0.946^**	0.874^**	0.159	0.972^**	1.000^**	1.000
	V	0.878^**	0.844^**	0.089	0.908^**	0.943^**	0.943^**	1.000
	H/L	-0.061	0.443^**	-0.571^**	0.302^**	0.154	0.154	0.124	1.000
	H/W	0.532^**	-0.145	0.893^**	0.392^**	0.284^**	0.284^**	0.185	-0.165	1.000

吉兰泰荒漠绿洲过渡带不同生境下白刺灌丛沙堆形态特征与影响机制

Morphological characteristics and influencing mechanisms of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas at different sandy land types in desert oasis ecotone of Jilantai

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