林龄和季节交互对杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203050

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 224-230.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203050

林龄和季节交互对杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响

刘兴婕¹(), 吴琪祺¹(), 李媛媛¹^,²^,^*(), 阮宏华², 丁学农³, 曹国华³, 沈彩芹³

1.南京晓庄学院食品科学学院,江苏南京 211171
2.南京林业大学生态与环境学院,江苏南京 210037
3.江苏省东台市林场,江苏东台 224200

收稿日期:2022-03-22 修回日期:2022-10-24 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-10-10
作者简介:刘兴婕(357568701@qq.com),负责实验开展与论文撰写;吴琪祺(3292222911@qq.com),负责实验辅助与数据分析。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32101339);国家自然科学基金项目(32071594);江苏省生态学重点学科资助项目(苏教研函〔2022〕2号)

Interactive effects of stand development and seasonality on soil arthropod community in poplar plantations

LIU Xingjie¹(), WU Qiqi¹(), LI Yuanyuan¹^,²^,^*(), RUAN Honghua², DING Xuenong³, CAO Guohua³, SHEN Caiqin³

1. School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
2. College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
3. Dongtai City Forest Farm of Jiangsu Province, Dongtai 224200, China

Received:2022-03-22 Revised:2022-10-24 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】土壤节肢动物群落受植物群落的反馈调控。杨树人工林有助于改良盐碱地土壤质量,但是林龄如何影响土壤节肢动物群落的种类组成、结构和多样性尚不清楚,为此,笔者探究杨树人工林林龄和季节交互作用对土壤节肢动物群落的影响,为人工林生物多样性保护和生产力维持提供依据。【方法】采用野外控制试验,选择立地条件相对一致的3个不同林龄(5、10和21年生)杨树人工林,每个样地设置3个重复,分别于春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)和冬季(2月)采集样品,分析不同林龄杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构及多样性的季节动态变化格局。【结果】杨树人工林土壤中节肢动物优势类群为前气门亚目(Prostigmata)、甲螨亚目(Oribatida)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、弹尾纲(Collembola)和鞘翅目(Coleoptera),占全部捕获量的89.4%。林龄和季节变化影响土壤节肢动物数量和多样性,个体总数和物种丰富度指数的最高值出现在10年生的杨树人工林的快速生长阶段,而最低值则出现在5年生林龄的幼林阶段;均匀度指数在10年生人工林中最低。1年中,杨树人工林中土壤节肢动物个体总数和物种丰富度在5月和8月高于2月和11月。林龄、季节及两者的交互作用显著影响土壤节肢动物个体数量、多样性和群落结构组成。在5月,土壤节肢动物个体总数以10年生杨树人工林中最高,5年生人工林中最低;在10月,土壤节肢动物个体总数随林龄的增加而增加。在5月和8月,10年和21年生人工林中的土壤节肢动物物种丰富度高于5年生人工林中的;土壤节肢动物类群的群落结构组成在10年生人工林中不同于5年和21年生的,在5月和8月不同于2月和11月。【结论】 10年生杨树人工林土壤节肢动物数量和物种丰富度高于5年生人工林的,林龄对土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响取决于季节的变化。林分发育阶段和季节变化对杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构的动态变化有着重要的影响,在杨树快速生长发育阶段和暖湿季节具有较高的土壤节肢动物数量和物种多样性。

关键词: 土壤动物, 盐碱地, 弹尾纲, 甲螨亚目, 前气门亚目, 生物多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】Soil arthropods are important components of soil biodiversity and play a critical role in ecosystems. Although afforestation with poplar plantations can improve soil properties in the saline soils of coastal area, little is known about the impact of plantation stand development on soil arthropods.【Method】In this study, we determined the community dynamics of soil dwelling arthropods across three aged poplar plantations (i.e., 5-, 10-, and 21-year-old) through a randomized block design with three repeated blocks over the course of one year, which included four sampling dates (i.e., spring, May; summer, August; autumn, November; and winter, February) in a coastal area of northern Jiangsu Province, China. 【Result】Prostigmata, Oribatida, Hymenoptera, Collembola, and Coleoptera comprised the dominant orders and together accounted for 89.4% of the total individuals. On average, both total number and those richness were the highest in the 10-year-old stands and the lowest in the 5-year-old stands and were higher in May and August than species in November and February. The abundance, Order richness, and community composition of soil arthropods were significantly affected by stand age, sampling date and their interaction. The total abundance showed strong age-dependent trends in May and August but not in February and November. Order richness was the highest in both 10- and 21-year-old stands observed in May and August. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that Order composition also differed strongly with sampling date and stand age, with 10-year-old stands sampled in May distinct from other sampling dates. 【Conclusion】The abundance and richness of soil arthropods in 10-year-old stands were higher than number in 5-year-old stands, and impact of stand age on the soil arthropod community depended on the seasonal changes. Our results highlight that both stand development and climate seasonality act strongly on soil arthropod community dynamics in the poplar plantations, while the related mechanisms need a further study.

Key words: soil fauna, saline soil, Collembola, Oribatida, Prostigmata, biodiversity

中图分类号:

S718.6

刘兴婕,吴琪祺,李媛媛,等. 林龄和季节交互对杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 224-230.

LIU Xingjie, WU Qiqi, LI Yuanyuan, RUAN Honghua, DING Xuenong, CAO Guohua, SHEN Caiqin. Interactive effects of stand development and seasonality on soil arthropod community in poplar plantations[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(5): 224-230.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203050.

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林龄/a stand age	含水率/% moisture content	pH	硝态氮含量/ (μg·g^-1) NO^3--N content	铵态氮含量/ (μg·g^-1) NH⁴⁺-N content	总氮含量/ (g·kg^-1) TN content	总有机碳含量/ (g·kg^-1) TOC content
5	19.74 ± 0.79 b	8.13 ± 0.21 a	4.88 ± 0.31 a	2.79 ± 0.24 a	1.83 ± 0.07 b	17.05 ± 0.28 a
10	24.88 ± 0.36 a	8.03 ± 0.12 a	5.81 ± 0.45 a	3.17 ± 0.26 a	2.19 ± 0.05 a	17.25 ± 0.37 a
21	23.61 ± 1.43 a	8.25 ± 0.15 a	3.48 ± 0.29 b	2.88 ± 0.12 a	1.85 ± 0.09 b	18.26 ± 0.43 a

类群 group	处理 treatment	平方和 sum squares	df	F	P
总数 total number	林龄age	2 972.6	2, 24	19.32	<0.01
	时间date	2 004.3	3, 24	8.69	<0.05
	林龄×时间 age×date	5 621.3	6, 24	12.18	<0.001
前气门亚目 Prostigmata	林龄age	878.1	2, 24	22.76	<0.01
	时间date	796.6	3, 24	13.77	<0.001
	林龄×时间 age×date	1 622.3	6, 24	14.02	<0.001
甲螨亚目 Oribatida	林龄age	143.1	2, 24	11.76	<0.01
	时间date	194.3	3, 24	10.65	<0.001
	林龄×时间 age×date	174.2	6, 24	4.77	<0.01
膜翅目 Hymenoptera	林龄age	136.4	2, 6	39.17	<0.001
	时间date	295.7	3, 18	56.62	<0.001
	林龄×时间 age×date	875.5	6, 18	83.82	<0.001
弹尾纲 Collembola	林龄age	40.4	2, 24	5.35	<0.05
	时间date	28.9	3, 24	2.55	0.085
	林龄×时间 age×date	69.6	6, 24	3.07	<0.05
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	林龄age	1.7	2, 24	1.48	0.249
	时间date	1.2	3, 24	0.68	0.571
	林龄×时间 age×date	3.4	6, 24	0.97	0.467

变量 variable	处理 treatment	平方和 SS	df	F	P
丰富度 richness	林龄age	18.1	2, 24	8.78	<0.01
	时间date	23.4	3, 24	7.59	<0.01
	林龄×时间 age×date	20.2	6, 24	3.27	<0.05
均匀度 evenness	林龄age	0.1	2, 24	9.50	<0.05
	时间date	0.0	3, 24	1.70	0.208
	林龄×时间 age×date	0.2	6, 24	11.30	<0.001
香农-威纳多样性 Shannon-Wiener index	林龄age	0.5	2, 24	2.20	0.131
	时间date	0.8	3, 24	2.30	0.106
	林龄×时间 age×date	0.8	6, 24	1.20	0.359
辛普森多样性 Simpson’s index	林龄age	0.1	2, 24	1.20	0.307
	时间date	0.1	3, 24	0.90	0.445
	林龄×时间 age×date	0.2	6, 24	1.10	0.377

处理 treatment	平方和 sum squares	df	F	R²	P
林龄age	1.14	2	7.52	0.16	0.001
时间time	1.71	3	7.52	0.24	0.001
林龄×时间 age×date	2.32	6	5.10	0.33	0.001
残差residuals	1.82	24		0.26

林龄和季节交互对杨树人工林土壤节肢动物群落结构的影响

Interactive effects of stand development and seasonality on soil arthropod community in poplar plantations

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