中蒙边境草原无风条件下可燃物燃烧火行为模拟

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109022

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 65-72.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109022

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中蒙边境草原无风条件下可燃物燃烧火行为模拟

王利明¹^,²(), 王若彤², 李勇³^,^*(), 张恒²^,^*()

1.内蒙古自治区林业和草原监测规划院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010020
2.内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010019
3.中国消防救援学院,北京昌平 102202

收稿日期:2021-09-09 修回日期:2022-10-18 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-10-10
通讯作者: *李勇(norman_liyong@163.com),副教授,负责文本撰写与修改;张恒(zhangheng_nefu@126.com),副教授,负责试验设计与样品处理。
作者简介:王利明(28736169@qq.com),高级工程师。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31860211);国家重点研发计划(2021YFB3901200)

Simulation study on fire behavior on the China-Mongolia border in windless conditions

WANG Liming¹^,²(), WANG Ruotong², LI Yong³^,^*(), ZHANG Heng²^,^*()

1. Monitoring & Planning Institute of Inner Mongolia Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hohhot 010020, China
2. College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
3. China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, China

Received:2021-09-09 Revised:2022-10-18 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】中蒙边境地区二连浩特市、东乌旗和新巴尔虎右旗草原易发生火灾,对当地生态环境和周边城市安全造成极大威胁。研究中蒙边境草原无风条件下可燃物燃烧火行为参数,可为中蒙边境草原可燃物管理和草原火灾预防提供理论依据。【方法】通过外业调查、样品采集,运用燃烧床以及热电偶等室内模拟并测定无风条件下可燃物的火行为,对可燃物火行为指标进行模拟分析。【结果】无风条件下,二连浩特市、东乌旗和新巴尔虎右旗室内模拟燃烧的火强度分别为780.44、805.80和1 195.60 kW/m,蔓延速度分别为0.61、0.45和0.67 m/min,火焰平均高度分别为30.30、35.53、33.90 cm,火焰平均温度分别为481.97、529.33、389.93 ℃,热辐射分别为0.45、1.20、1.44 kW/m²。【结论】二连浩特市、东乌旗、新巴尔虎右旗草原可燃物阻滞时间分别为28、15、22 s;二连浩特市在发生火灾时温度波动维持的时间较长,火灾隐患大;东乌旗草原可燃物阴燃热辐射接近火焰热辐射,持火力强,具有较大的复燃可能性。

关键词: 草原火灾, 无风条件, 火行为模拟, 中蒙边境

Abstract:

【Objective】 The China-Mongolia border is prone to grassland fires in Erenhot, the East Ujimqin Banner and the New Barag Right Banner, threatening livelihoods and the local environment. Studying the parameters of fire behavior for grassland fuel on the China-Mongolia border in windless conditions can provide a theoretical basis for the grassland fuel management and grassland fire prevention. 【Method】Based on field investigations and sample collection, a combustion bed and thermocouple were used to simulate and measure the behavior of combustibles, and the fire behavior indexes were simulated and analyzed. 【Result】Simulations for windless conditions in Erenhot, the East Ujimqin Banner and the New Barag Right Banner, respectively, showed a fire intensity of 780.44, 805.80 and 1 195.60 kW/m; a spread rate of 0.61, 0.45, 0.67 m/min; an average flame height of 30.30, 35.53,33.90 cm; average flame temperature of 481.97, 529.33 and 389.93 ℃; heat radiation, 0.45, 1.20 and 1.44 kW/m², and blocking time of combustibles, 28, 15 and 22 s. 【Conclusion】 Long periods of temperature fluctuation are observed for grassland fires in Erenhot, and the risk of fire is high. In the East Ujimqin Banner, the smoldering heat radiation of combustibles is close to flame heat radiation and the holding power of fires is strong, making grassland fires likely.

Key words: grasslands fines, windless condition, fire behavior simulation, China-Mongolia border

中图分类号:

S812.6

王利明,王若彤,李勇,等. 中蒙边境草原无风条件下可燃物燃烧火行为模拟[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 65-72.

WANG Liming, WANG Ruotong, LI Yong, ZHANG Heng. Simulation study on fire behavior on the China-Mongolia border in windless conditions[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(5): 65-72.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202109022.

图/表 6

表1

图1

图2

表2

表3

中蒙边境地区草原可燃物火行为描述性统计量表"

火行为参数 fire behavior parameters	采样点 sampling point	均值 mean	标准差 SD	标准误 SE	95% 置信区间 95% confidence interval		极小值 min	极大值 max
火行为参数 fire behavior parameters	采样点 sampling point	均值 mean	标准差 SD	标准误 SE	下限 lower bound	上限 upper bound	极小值 min	极大值 max
火焰持续时间/s flame duration	EC	117.66	17.03	9.83	75.33	159.99	98.00	128.00
	EWB	135.00	16.370	9.45	94.33	175.66	121.00	153.00
	XBRB	94.33	13.65	7.88	60.42	128.24	82.00	109.00
阴燃时间/s smoldering time	EC	60.53	24.79	14.31	-1.04	122.10	32.20	78.20
	EWB	41.53	14.32	8.27	5.96	77.11	25.00	50.00
	XBRB	49.00	6.94	4.01	31.76	66.24	43.00	56.60
火焰高度/cm flame height	EC	30.30	4.80	2.77	18.37	42.23	24.90	34.10
	EWB	35.53	5.05	2.92	22.99	48.08	30.50	40.60
	XBRB	33.90	4.23	2.44	23.38	44.42	30.70	38.70
火焰温度/℃ flame temperature	EC	481.97	19.43	11.22	433.70	530.24	470.40	504.40
	EWB	529.33	23.59	13.62	470.73	587.93	502.10	543.40
	XBRB	389.93	18.00	10.39	345.22	434.65	378.80	410.70
阴燃温度/℃ smoldering temperature	EC	324.67	51.83	29.92	195.92	453.42	289.60	384.20
	EWB	267.97	60.69	35.04	117.21	418.72	198.70	311.80
	XBRB	166.67	29.20	16.86	94.14	239.19	133.80	189.60
蔓延速度/(m·min^-1) rate of spread	EC	0.61	0.10	0.06	0.37	0.85	0.52	0.71
	EWB	0.45	0.05	0.03	0.34	0.57	0.41	0.50
	XBRB	0.67	0.10	0.06	0.42	0.92	0.57	0.77
阴燃热辐射/(kW·m^-2) smoldering heat radiation	EC	0.16	0.08	0.04	-0.03	0.35	0.08	0.23
	EWB	0.64	0.05	0.03	0.51	0.77	0.60	0.70
	XBRB	0.17	0.03	0.02	0.10	0.25	0.14	0.20
热辐射/(kW·m^-2) heat radiation	EC	0.45	0.08	0.05	0.25	0.65	0.38	0.54
	EWB	1.20	0.28	0.16	0.51	1.90	0.88	1.39
	XBRB	1.44	0.40	0.23	0.44	2.45	1.01	1.81
火强度/(kW·m^-1) fire intensity	EC	780.44	169.77	98.02	358.69	1 202.18	644.40	970.70
	EWB	805.80	279.03	161.10	112.65	1 498.95	555.24	1 106.50
	XBRB	1 195.60	268.78	155.18	527.92	1 863.28	913.50	1 448.70
消耗量/kg consumption	EC	0.09	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.16	0.06	0.12
	EWB	0.12	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.18	0.09	0.14
	XBRB	0.11	0.04	0.02	0.01	0.20	0.08	0.15
烧损率/% burnout rate	EC	35.90	11.27	6.50	7.89	63.90	23.61	45.76
	EWB	49.22	2.77	1.59	42.34	56.10	46.24	51.71
	XBRB	72.81	3.84	2.21	63.28	82.34	68.99	76.66

表3

图3

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采样点 sampling point	地理坐标 geographic coordinates	年均降水量/mm average annual precipitation	年均蒸发量/mm annual average evaporation	干旱指数 drought index	年均气温/℃ annual average temperature	年极端气温/℃ extreme temperature
采样点 sampling point	地理坐标 geographic coordinates	年均降水量/mm average annual precipitation	年均蒸发量/mm annual average evaporation	干旱指数 drought index	年均气温/℃ annual average temperature	最高 max	最低 min
二连浩特Erenhot City(EC)	111°96 E,43°65'N	142.2	2 695	19.95	3.4	41.1	-37.1
东乌旗East Ujimqin Banner(EWB)	116°97 E,45°52'N	300.0	>3 000	4.10	1.6	39.7	-40.7
新巴尔虎右旗New Barag Right Banner(XBRB)	118°23E,48°22'N	247.3	2 000	8.09	0.3	40.2	-44.9

采样点 sampling point	载量/(kg·m^-2) loading capacity	平均厚度/mm average thickness	盖度/% coverage	灰分含量/% ash content	含水率/% moisture content	热值/(kJ·g^-1) calorific value
二连浩特市EC	0.34±0.13	6.18±1.79	21.5	11.77	29.44	16.32
东乌旗EWB	0.51±0.31	7.17±2.62	23.2	11.38	21.42	16.24
新巴尔虎右旗XBRB	0.16±0.06	4.31±1.46	16.1	8.34	24.79	17.12

中蒙边境草原无风条件下可燃物燃烧火行为模拟

Simulation study on fire behavior on the China-Mongolia border in windless conditions

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[2]	张恒, 张秋良, 岳阳, 宋希明, 代海燕, 伊伯乐. 呼伦贝尔市气候变化对森林草原火灾的影响及未来趋势分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(5): 222-230.