工商资本下乡流入农户土地的收入效应及异质性分析

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208064

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 272-280.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208064

工商资本下乡流入农户土地的收入效应及异质性分析

付天琴(), 吉星, 张红霄()

南京林业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-08-29 修回日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2023-11-30 发布日期:2023-11-23
通讯作者: *张红霄(njhxzh@njfu.edu.cn),教授。
基金资助:
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2021SJA0936)

Income effect and heterogeneity analysis of industrial and commercial capital flowing into rural households’ land

FU Tianqin(), JI Xing, ZHANG Hongxiao()

College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

Received:2022-08-29 Revised:2022-10-10 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】在探索如何实现共同富裕的现阶段,分析工商资本下乡流入农户土地是否有效提高农户收入,及其收入效应是否具有异质性等问题具有重要意义。【方法】在理论分析工商资本下乡流入农户土地促进农户增收,及其增收效应具有异质性的基础上,利用中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)的2014、2016、2018年3期非平衡面板数据,采用双向固定效应模型,实证分析工商资本下乡流入农户土地的收入效应及其异质性。【结果】工商资本下乡流入农户土地具有显著的收入效应,能提高农户收入,优化农户收入结构;工商资本下乡流入农户土地对低收入农户的收入促进作用强于对高收入农户的促进作用;工商资本下乡流入农户土地对东部地区农户收入的促进作用弱于对中西部地区农户收入的促进作用。【结论】工商资本下乡流入农户土地对东、西部地区和高、低收入水平农户的增收作用具有差异。因此,相关部门可在保护农户权益的基础上出台相关分类政策,促进工商资本下乡更好地带动农户增收。

关键词: 工商资本下乡, 农户收入, 土地流转, 固定效应模型, 分位数法

Abstract:

【Objective】At the current stage of exploring how to achieve common prosperity, it is of great significance to analyze whether the flow of industrial and commercial capital into farmers’ land effectively increases farmers’ income, and whether its income effect is heterogeneous.【Method】Based on the theoretical analysis of the heterogeneity of the income increase of industrial and commercial capital flowing into rural areas to farmers’ land, and the heterogeneity of the income increase effect, the income effect and heterogeneity of industrial and commercial capital flowing into rural land from rural areas to rural areas were empirically analyzed by using the unbalanced panel data from China Labor Force Dynamics Survey(CLDS) from 2014,2016,2018 and using a two-way fixed effect model.【Result】The inflow of industrial and commercial capital into farmers’ land has a significant income effect, which can increase farmers’ income and optimize the income structure of farmers. The flow of industrial and commercial capital into rural areas to farmers’ land has a stronger effect on the income of low-income farmers than on high-income farmers. The flow of industrial and commercial capital into the land of peasant households in the countryside has a weaker effect on the income of peasant households in the eastern region than on the income of peasant households in the central and western regions.【Conclusion】Inflow of industrial and commercial capital to the countryside has different effects on increasing the income of farmers in the eastern and western regions and high and low-income households. Therefore, relevant departments can issue relevant classification policies on the basis of protecting the rights and interests of farmers to promote industrial and commercial capital to go to the countryside. Better drive farmers to increase their income.

Key words: industrial and commercial capital to the countryside, farmer income, land transfer, fixed effects model, quantile method

中图分类号:

F323.8

付天琴,吉星,张红霄. 工商资本下乡流入农户土地的收入效应及异质性分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 272-280.

FU Tianqin, JI Xing, ZHANG Hongxiao. Income effect and heterogeneity analysis of industrial and commercial capital flowing into rural households’ land[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(6): 272-280.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208064.

图/表 6

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变量名 variable	变量说明 variable description	均值 mean	标准差 SD	样本量 sample size
工商资本下乡urban capital inflow	农户所在村存在工商资本下乡流入农户土地=1,不存在=0	0.45	0.49	19 199
总收入gross income	家庭人均总收入,取对数	8.20	2.23	20 687
工资性收入wage income	家庭人均工资性收入,取对数	4.14	4.45	20 847
农业经营性收入agricultural income	家庭人均农业经营性收入,取对数	4.17	3.91	20 848
非农经营性收入non-farm income	家庭人均非农经营性收入,取对数	0.99	2.80	20 845
财产性收入rent income	家庭人均财产性收入,取对数	0.46	1.80	20 858
年龄age	主事者年龄/岁	55.19	12.78	20 603
受教育程度educational level	主事者受教育年限/a	2.57	1.23	20 631
健康状况health status	1~5等分分别为非常不健康—非常健康	2.48	1.04	20 760
经营土地面积inland area for farming	家庭经营土地面积/km²	1.13	8.57	19 176
劳动力数labour force	家庭劳动力数/人	3.11	1.74	20 872
家庭负担family burden	家庭老人和小孩数除以劳动力数	0.65	0.73	19 212
居住户数number of households	村庄居住户数/户	756.55	810.31	20 808
村庄地势topography of a village	平原=1,丘陵=2,山区=3	1.80	0.83	19 128
距县城的距离distance from the county	村庄距县城的距离/km	27.26	23.96	19 669
村庄农用地面积agricultural land area of a village	村庄农业用地面积/km²	7.64	15.30	19 087
常住劳动力permanent labour force	村庄常住劳动力数/×10³人	1.37	2.36	19 142

分组 grouping	样本量 sample size	工商资本下乡 urban capital inflow	人均年收入/元 annual income per capita	同组占比/% proportion of the same group
东部eastern	4 227	是	14 280.38	55.32
	3 415	否	10 923.35	44.68
中部central	2 060	是	8 868.94	35.58
	3 729	否	7 943.22	64.42
西部westward	2 254	是	8 190.84	40.21
	3 352	否	6 379.12	59.79
高收入组 high-income	3 321	是	22 936.66	54.27
	2 798	否	21 940.76	46.73
中等收入组 middle-income	3 321	是	6 214.46	48.76
	3 489	否	6 012.44	51.24
低收入组 low-income	2 391	是	1 410.97	36.22
	4 209	否	1 397.73	63.78

项目 item	家庭总收入 gross income	农业经营收入 agricultural income	非农经营收入 non-farm income	工资收入 wage income	财产收入 rent income
工商资本下乡 urban capital inflow	0.182^***	0.257^**	0.227^***	0.400^***	0.140^***
	(0.058)	(0.102)	(0.080)	(0.140)	(0.054)
年龄age	-0.005	0.011	-0.001	-0.019^**	-0.005
	(0.004)	(0.007)	(0.005)	(0.009)	(0.004)
受教育程度educational level	0.081^**	0.086	0.024	0.121^*	0.022
	(0.032)	(0.059)	(0.051)	(0.073)	(0.031)
健康状况health status	-0.115^***	-0.062	-0.054	-0.012	0.011
	(0.030)	(0.049)	(0.036)	(0.062)	(0.024)
经营土地面积inland area for farming	0.003^***	0.211^**	0.002^***	0.001	0.401^***
	(0.023)	(0.006)	(0.001)	(0.003)	(0.010)
劳动力数labour force	-0.105^**	-0.225^***	-0.015	0.175^*	0.026
	(0.046)	(0.075)	(0.065)	(0.103)	(0.044)
家庭负担family burden	-0.217^***	-0.555^***	-0.069	-0.152	-0.013
	(0.068)	(0.106)	(0.078)	(0.133)	(0.048)
居住户数number of households	-0.001	-0.020	-0.064^**	-0.005^*	-0.002
	(0.002)	(0.026)	(0.005)	(0.008)	(0.070)
村庄地势topography of a village	-0.229^***	-0.329^***	-0.120	-0.065	-0.070
	(0.061)	(0.109)	(0.078)	(0.137)	(0.055)
距县城的距离distance from the county	0.005^**	0.003	0.006^**	0.015^***	-0.000
	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.004)	(0.002)
村庄农用地面积agricaltural land area	-0.316^*	0.019	0.182^**	-0.061^*	0.026^**
	(0.023)	(0.005)	(0.010)	(0.003)	(0.001)
村庄常住劳动力permanent labour of village	-0.020	0.143	-0.011	-0.400^***	-0.038
	(0.054)	(0.092)	(0.078)	(0.123)	(0.046)
常数项constant terms	9.499^***	5.268^***	1.275^***	4.640^***	0.564^*
	(0.322)	(0.574)	(0.449)	(0.744)	(0.300)
有效样本valid samples	14 185	14 283	14 276	14 281	14 286
R²	0.020	0.018	0.011	0.014	0.017

项目 item	低收入组 low- income	中等收入组 median income	高收入组 high income
工商资本下乡 urban capital inflow	0.399^**	0.177^***	0.013^*
	(0.157)	(0.024)	(0.043)
年龄age	-0.012	0.002	-0.002
	(0.010)	(0.002)	(0.003)
受教育程度 educational level	-0.080	0.023	0.059^***
	(0.119)	(0.015)	(0.016)
健康状况health status	-0.067	-0.028^**	0.029
	(0.074)	(0.011)	(0.020)
经营土地面积 inland area for farming	-0.028	0.020	0.003
	(0.002)	(0.040)	(0.034)
劳动力数labour force	0.052	-0.024	-0.153^***
	(0.113)	(0.017)	(0.032)
家庭负担family burden	0.177	-0.090^***	-0.225^***
	(0.158)	(0.028)	(0.059)
居住户数 number of households	-0.005^*	0.010	-0.003
	(0.000)	(0.056)	(0.045)
村庄地势 topography of a village	-0.241	0.001	-0.061
	(0.201)	(0.023)	(0.041)
距县城的距离 distance from the county	0.004	0.002^**	0.002
	(0.005)	(0.001)	(0.001)
村庄农用地面积agricultural land area of avillage	0.040	-0.005	-0.004
	(0.042)	(0.058)	(0.021)
村庄常住劳动力 permanent labour of force	0.021	-0.010	-0.000
	(0.138)	(0.022)	(0.032)
常数项constant terms	7.738^***	8.633^***	10.273^***
	(0.978)	(0.134)	(0.183)
有效样本valid samples	4 667	4 961	4 557
R²	0.033	0.059	0.132

项目 item	西部 westward	中部 central	东部 eastern
工商资本下乡 urban capital inflow	0.316^***	0.213^*	0.001
	(0.083)	(0.119)	(0.121)
年龄age	-0.003	-0.005	-0.007
	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.008)
受教育程度 educational level	0.008	0.190^***	0.059
	(0.040)	(0.073)	(0.050)
健康状况health status	-0.083^*	-0.178^***	-0.073
	(0.049)	(0.057)	(0.047)
经营土地面积 inland area for farming	0.018	0.006^**	0.005
	(0.028)	(0.047)	(0.018)
劳动力数labour force	-0.189^***	-0.150	-0.049
	(0.072)	(0.097)	(0.069)
家庭负担family burden	-0.179^*	-0.302^**	-0.271^**
	(0.096)	(0.129)	(0.128)
居住户数 number of households	0.004^**	-0.003	0.031
	(0.077)	(0.056)	(0.045)
村庄地势 topography of a village	-0.228^***	-0.257^**	-0.141
	(0.088)	(0.109)	(0.107)
距县城的距离 distance from the county	0.004	0.006^*	-0.002
	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.004)
村庄农用地面积agricultural land area of a village	-0.042	-0.025	-0.020
	(0.030)	(0.032)	(0.043)
村庄常住劳动力 permanent labour of force	0.061	0.038	-0.010
	(0.096)	(0.110)	(0.098)
常数项constant terms	9.188^***	9.644^***	9.627^***
	(0.459)	(0.571)	(0.617)
有效样本valid samples	4 465	4 428	5 292
R²	0.028	0.029	0.026

工商资本下乡流入农户土地的收入效应及异质性分析

Income effect and heterogeneity analysis of industrial and commercial capital flowing into rural households’ land

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项目item	Q_0.10	Q_0.25	Q_0.50	Q_0.75	Q_0.90
工商资本下乡urban capital inflow	0.399^***	0.255^***	0.237^***	0.204^***	0.073^***
	(0.056)	(0.034)	(0.023)	(0.023)	(0.026)
常数项constant terms	10.01^***	10.12^***	10.15^***	10.19^***	10.63^***
	(0.163)	(0.105)	(0.076)	(0.071)	(0.076)
有效样本valid samples	14 185	14 185	14 185	14 185	14 185