施肥方式和施肥量对华山松幼苗生长及针叶营养状况的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203029

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 191-198.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203029

施肥方式和施肥量对华山松幼苗生长及针叶营养状况的影响

丰伟¹^,²(), 单昌丹¹, 张慧¹, 刘家蔓², 柳国昂², 姚增玉¹^,^*()

1.西南林业大学西南山地森林资源保育与利用教育部重点实验室,云南昆明 650224
2.西南林业大学西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,云南昆明 650224

收稿日期:2022-03-14 修回日期:2023-05-21 出版日期:2024-05-30 发布日期:2024-06-14
通讯作者: *姚增玉(z-yyao@hotmail.com),研究员。
作者简介:丰伟(1610306025@qq.com)。
基金资助:
云南省农业基础研究联合专项(2018FG001-008)

Effects of fertilization regime and rate on growth and needle nutrient level of Pinus armandii seedling

FENG Wei¹^,²(), SHAN Changdan¹, ZHANG Hui¹, LIU Jiaman², LIU Guoang², YAO Zengyu¹^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2. Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

Received:2022-03-14 Revised:2023-05-21 Online:2024-05-30 Published:2024-06-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究不同施肥方式和施肥量对华山松(Pinus armandii)幼苗生长及针叶矿质养分元素和非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量的影响,为培育具备大量营养储备的优质苗木提供参考。【方法】以华山松幼苗为研究对象,设置常规施肥和指数施肥两种方式,每种方式按总N量100、200、300和400 mg/株分12次施入复合肥(25% N、10% P₂O₅、20% K₂O),每2周施肥1次,以不施肥为对照。施肥结束2周后测定苗高、地径、生物量及针叶N、P、K、可溶性糖和淀粉含量。【结果】两种施肥方式下,华山松苗高、地径和生物量均随施肥量增加先增加后减小,指数施肥300 mg/株时苗高、地径和生物量最大,分别是对照的1.29、1.15和1.53倍;施肥处理对针叶P含量影响不显著,但提高了针叶N和K含量,针叶N含量随施肥量增加而升高,相同施肥量下指数施肥的N含量较常规施肥高;常规施肥的针叶K含量随施肥量增加而升高,而指数施肥则先升高后下降;施肥降低针叶可溶性糖含量,其随施肥量增加先下降后升高;合理施肥显著提高针叶淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物含量,且以指数施肥处理效果较好。【结论】与常规施肥相比,指数施肥显著促进了华山松幼苗生物量、N、淀粉和NSC积累,合理施肥处理为以指数施肥方式每株施用1.2 g复合肥(N、P₂O₅和K₂O分别为300、120和240 mg)。

关键词: 华山松, 壮苗培育, 指数施肥, 养分积累, 非结构性碳水化合物

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of different fertilization regimes and rates on the growth of Pinus armandii seedlings and the contents of mineral nutrient elements and non-structural carbohydrates in their needles were investigated to provide a scientific reference for the cultivation of high-quality seedlings with abundant nutrition reserves. 【Method】 P. armandii seedlings were separately reared in the presence of four different doses of N (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg N per seedling) using a compound fertilizer (25% N, 10% P₂O₅ and 20% K₂O) under conventional and exponential fertilization regimes. The control setup was not treated with the fertilizer. The fertilizer was applied 12 times at 2-week intervals. The shoot height, root collar diameter, biomass and the contents of N, P, K, soluble sugar, starch and non-structural carbohydrates in the needles were measured after two weeks of the last application of the fertilizer. 【Result】 The shoot height, root collar diameter and biomass increased at first but subsequently decreased as the rate of the fertilizer was increased, under both application regimes. The shoot height, root collar diameter and biomass were the highest at the dose of 300 mg N per seedling under the exponential fertilization regime, being 1.29, 1.15 and 1.53 fold those of the control. Fertilization enhanced the content of N in the needles, and the N content increased as the rate of the fertilizer was increased. The N content in the needles was higher under the exponential fertilization regime than under the conventional fertilization regime for the same doses of the fertilizer. There were no significant differences in the P content of the needles. The K content in the needles increased at increasing rates of the fertilizer under the conventional fertilization regime. However, the K content increased at first but decreased subsequently at increasing rates of the fertilizer under the exponential fertilization regime. The content of soluble sugar decreased significantly following fertilization, and the contents decreased at first but increased subsequently at increasing rates of the fertilizer. The contents of starch and non-structural carbohydrates in the needles increased significantly under the rational fertilization regime, and exponential fertilization was more preferable. 【Conclusion】 The exponential application of 1.2 g of the fertilizer (300, 120 and 240 mg of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O, respectively) per seedling was found to be the optimal fertilization regimen for cultivating high-quality P. armandii seedlings.

Key words: Pinus armandii, high-quality cultivation, exponential fertilization, nutrient accumulation, non-structural carbohydrates

中图分类号:

S723.1

丰伟,单昌丹,张慧,等. 施肥方式和施肥量对华山松幼苗生长及针叶营养状况的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(3): 191-198.

FENG Wei, SHAN Changdan, ZHANG Hui, LIU Jiaman, LIU Guoang, YAO Zengyu. Effects of fertilization regime and rate on growth and needle nutrient level of Pinus armandii seedling[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(3): 191-198.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203029.

图/表 5

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施肥次数 fertilization time	施肥处理/(mg·株^-1) exponential fertilization treatment
施肥次数 fertilization time	E100	E200	E300	E400
1	1.0	1.2	1.4	1.5
2	1.3	1.7	2.0	2.2
3	1.8	2.5	3.0	3.3
4	2.4	3.6	4.4	5.0
5	3.3	5.1	6.4	7.6
6	4.4	7.2	9.5	11.5
7	6.0	10.3	14.0	17.4
8	8.0	14.2	20.6	25.5
9	9.9	20.4	27.4	36.2
10	14.6	29.8	44.8	59.7
11	19.7	42.5	66.1	90.1
12	26.5	60.6	97.4	136.0
总计 total	100.0	200.0	300.0	400.0

处理 treatment		生物量/g biomass				根冠比 root-shoot ratio	苗木质量指数 SQI
处理 treatment		根root	茎stem	针叶needle	整株seedling	根冠比 root-shoot ratio	苗木质量指数 SQI
CK		0.22±0.02 b	0.18±0.01 d	0.46±0.04 c	0.86±0.05 c	0.34±0.02 a	0.16±0.01 b
C100		0.27±0.02 ab	0.24±0.01 ab	0.64±0.03 ab	1.15±0.05 b	0.31±0.02 ab	0.20±0.01 ab
C200		0.27±0.01 ab	0.28±0.02 a	0.66±0.04 a	1.21±0.06 ab	0.29±0.02 ab	0.21±0.02 a
C300		0.22±0.01 b	0.26±0.02 ab	0.63±0.03 ab	1.11±0.04 bc	0.25±0.01 b	0.17±0.01 b
C400		0.19±0.02 c	0.23±0.02 b	0.54±0.04 b	0.97±0.06 bc	0.25±0.02 b	0.15±0.01 b
E100		0.26±0.02 ab	0.21±0.01 bc	0.62±0.03 ab	1.09±0.04 bc	0.31±0.02 ab	0.20±0.01 ab
E200		0.28±0.02 ab	0.23±0.01 b	0.65±0.04 a	1.17±0.05 b	0.32±0.02 a	0.21±0.02 a
E300		0.30±0.02 a	0.29±0.01 a	0.73±0.04 a	1.32±0.05 a	0.30±0.02 ab	0.22±0.01 a
E400		0.24±0.02 b	0.25±0.01 ab	0.67±0.03 a	1.16±0.05 b	0.26±0.01 b	0.19±0.01 ab
变异来源 source of variation	R	0.013	0.362	0.036	0.043	0.087	0.010
	L	0.005	0.014	0.167	0.013	0.019	0.008
	R×L	0.047	0.035	0.068	0.006	0.521	0.182

施肥方式和施肥量对华山松幼苗生长及针叶营养状况的影响

Effects of fertilization regime and rate on growth and needle nutrient level of Pinus armandii seedling

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