南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 113-122.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302008
收稿日期:
2023-02-07
修回日期:
2023-04-06
出版日期:
2024-09-30
发布日期:
2024-10-03
通讯作者:
* 辛学兵(xinxb01@163.com),研究员。作者简介:
李潘亭(pantin09@163.com)。
基金资助:
LI Panting(), DU Manyi, WANG Yue, PEI Shunxiang, XIN Xuebing*()
Received:
2023-02-07
Revised:
2023-04-06
Online:
2024-09-30
Published:
2024-10-03
摘要:
【目的】探究元宝枫(Acer truncatum)幼苗生长及光合生理特性对水肥耦合的响应,分析比较元宝枫幼苗生长最佳水肥组合。【方法】以1年生元宝枫幼苗为研究对象,采用土壤含水率及氮、磷、钾施肥量4因素4水平正交试验设计,共计16个处理,水肥耦合试验后测定元宝枫幼苗生长指标、叶片相对叶绿素含量SPAD值、光合特性及光响应曲线。【结果】随施肥量的增加,各指标大致呈现先上升后下降的趋势。当土壤含水率为75%,施N、P、K量为1.2、1.8、0 g/株时,元宝枫幼苗地径、总生物量显著高于其他处理。合理的水肥耦合可以显著提高元宝枫幼苗苗高、地径及总生物量。此外,各水肥耦合处理对弱光的利用能力差异不大,氮肥对元宝枫幼苗的最大净光合速率和光饱和点影响显著。各处理间水分利用效率(WUE)无显著性差异,表明元宝枫幼苗在较低土壤含水率下也能正常生长,抗旱能力强。水肥对元宝枫幼苗生长影响由高到低排序为氮肥>土壤含水率>钾肥>磷肥,基于综合评分法可知最佳的水肥组合为T14,即土壤含水率75%、氮肥1.2 g/株、磷肥1.8 g/株和钾肥0 g/株。【结论】水肥耦合效应对地径和生物量影响显著,对苗高影响不显著,土壤含水率、氮肥对各生长指标影响显著,研究结果可为元宝枫水肥合理利用提供理论依据。
中图分类号:
李潘亭,杜满义,王玥,等. 元宝枫幼苗生长及光合特性对水肥耦合的响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 48(5): 113-122.
LI Panting, DU Manyi, WANG Yue, PEI Shunxiang, XIN Xuebing. The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Acer truncatum seedlings in response to soil water and fertilizer coupling[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(5): 113-122.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302008.
表1
试验因素及正交设计"
处理号 treatment No. | 土壤含水率/% soil water content | 施肥量/(g·株-1) fertilizer amount | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | K | ||
T1 | 45 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
T2 | 45 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.6 |
T3 | 45 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.2 |
T4 | 45 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 1.8 |
T5 | 55 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.2 |
T6 | 55 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.8 |
T7 | 55 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 0.0 |
T8 | 55 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 0.6 |
T9 | 65 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
T10 | 65 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 1.2 |
T11 | 65 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
T12 | 65 | 3.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 |
T13 | 75 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 0.6 |
T14 | 75 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.0 |
T15 | 75 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
T16 | 75 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 1.2 |
表2
水肥耦合对元宝枫幼苗生长的影响"
处理号 treatment No. | 苗高/cm seedling height | 地径/mm ground diameter | 地上干质量/g dry weight of shoots | 根系干质量/g dry weight of roots | 总生物量/g total biomass | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 28.26±0.49 a | 2.94±0.08 bc | 1.32±0.39 bc | 3.38±0.26 bc | 4.69±0.61 abc | |
T2 | 28.78±0.38 a | 3.01±0.04 b | 1.54±0.03 abc | 3.43±0.37 bc | 4.96±0.37 bc | |
T3 | 28.66±0.73 a | 3.01±0.04 b | 1.18±0.13 bc | 3.40±0.57 bc | 4.58±0.64 abc | |
T4 | 27.43±0.16 a | 2.85±0.03 c | 1.00±0.15 c | 2.70±0.22 c | 3.70±0.35 d | |
T5 | 28.70±0.91 a | 2.98±0.10 bc | 1.90±0.32 a | 3.61±0.59 b | 5.51±0.70 b | |
T6 | 28.68±1.17 a | 2.92±0.08 bc | 1.26±0.45 bc | 3.07±0.20 bc | 4.33±0.63 cd | |
T7 | 28.20±0.48 a | 2.90±0.03 bc | 1.26±0.43 bc | 2.96±0.80 bc | 4.22±1.17 cd | |
T8 | 27.68±1.18 a | 2.87±0.01 c | 1.19±0.22 bc | 2.71±0.37 c | 3.90±0.59 cd | |
T9 | 28.41±0.77 a | 2.92±0.08 bc | 1.70±0.18 ab | 3.01±0.55 bc | 4.71±0.67 abc | |
T10 | 28.48±1.07 a | 2.87±0.07 c | 1.36±0.54 bc | 3.03±0.24 bc | 4.38±0.46 cd | |
T11 | 28.29±0.88 a | 2.95±0.12 bc | 1.38±0.18 bc | 2.95±0.24 bc | 4.33±0.36 cd | |
T12 | 28.07±1.42 a | 2.87±0.07 c | 1.21±0.06 bc | 3.09±0.53 bc | 4.30±0.57 cd | |
T13 | 28.49±1.38 a | 2.95±0.09 bc | 1.92±0.30 a | 4.75±0.41 a | 6.67±0.63 a | |
T14 | 28.74±1.27 a | 3.29±0.11 a | 2.01±0.64 a | 5.06±0.17 a | 7.07±0.81 a | |
T15 | 27.72±0.72 a | 2.94±0.08 bc | 1.17±0.14 bc | 3.57±0.65 b | 4.74±0.65 abc | |
T16 | 27.23±0.14 a | 2.95±0.06 bc | 1.04±0.06 c | 3.33±0.66 bc | 4.36±0.64 cd | |
W | 0.32 | 9.80*** | 2.05 | 21.25*** | 14.93*** | |
N | 4.09* | 9.29*** | 11.72*** | 9.00*** | 14.78*** | |
F值 F-value | P | 0.30 | 8.15*** | 2.16 | 1.67 | 2.76 |
K | 0.28 | 4.23* | 1.55 | 3.67* | 3.77* | |
W×N×P×K | 0.68 | 6.69** | 2.67 | 3.94* | 4.42** |
表3
水肥耦合对元宝枫幼苗叶片光合参数的影响"
处理号 treatment No. | 净光合速率/ (μmol·m-2·s-1) Pn | 蒸腾速率/ (mmol·m-2·s-1) Tr | 气孔导度/ (mmol·m-2·s-1) Gs | 胞间CO2浓度/ (μmol·mol-1) Ci | 水分利用效率/ (mmol·mol-1) WUE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 3.28±1.22 abc | 1.44±0.70 abcd | 0.04±0.01 abcd | 238.01±32.63 ab | 2.49±1.01 a | |
T2 | 4.38±1.26 a | 1.71±1.00 ab | 0.04±0.01 abc | 213.56±16.77 ab | 2.95±0.92 a | |
T3 | 1.43±1.13 bc | 0.57±0.15 efg | 0.02±0.01 cd | 258.72±48.53 a | 2.39±1.45 a | |
T4 | 1.40±0.37 bc | 0.54±0.15 fg | 0.01±0.00 d | 192.46±43.00 ab | 2.59±0.36 a | |
T5 | 3.31±1.97 abc | 1.58±0.87 abc | 0.04±0.03 ab | 260.98±37.95 a | 2.16±0.48 a | |
T6 | 3.42±1.26 ab | 1.39±0.38 abcdef | 0.04±0.02 abcd | 236.93±46.62 ab | 2.46±0.73 a | |
T7 | 2.53±1.67 abc | 0.99±0.53 bcdefg | 0.02±0.01 bcd | 245.01±47.38 ab | 2.49±1.52 a | |
T8 | 1.32±0.33 c | 0.58±0.27 efg | 0.01±0.01 cd | 210.20±79.43 ab | 2.89±2.07 a | |
T9 | 3.67±1.22 a | 1.57±0.44 abc | 0.04±0.02 abc | 244.07±32.70 ab | 2.40±0.73 a | |
T10 | 3.30±0.82 abc | 1.41±0.64 abcde | 0.03±0.01 abcd | 223.88±14.89 ab | 2.69±1.36 a | |
T11 | 2.38±0.74 abc | 0.76±0.40 cdefg | 0.02±0.01 bcd | 161.51±71.96 b | 3.54±1.07 a | |
T12 | 1.35±0.79 c | 0.52±0.21 g | 0.01±0.00 d | 174.82±91.66 ab | 3.19±2.36 a | |
T13 | 4.19±1.46 a | 2.05±0.44 a | 0.05±0.03 a | 248.49±59.26 ab | 2.12±0.83 a | |
T14 | 4.21±1.22 a | 2.18±0.63 a | 0.04±0.01 ab | 226.02±30.43 ab | 2.02±0.66 a | |
T15 | 3.50±1.88 a | 1.08±0.35 bcdef | 0.03±0.02 abcd | 193.19±93.94 ab | 3.30±1.36 a | |
T16 | 1.42±0.97 bc | 0.66±0.25 defg | 0.01±0.00 cd | 236.89±67.40 ab | 2.46±1.82 a | |
W | 1.23 | 0.67 | 1.46 | 1.24 | 0.70 | |
N | 13.62*** | 5.07*** | 12.01*** | 1.81 | 0.53 | |
F值 F-value | P | 0.57 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.56 | 0.70 |
K | 1.06 | 0.19 | 0.33 | 1.26 | 0.79 | |
W×N×P×K | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.67 | 0.90 |
表5
不同水肥耦合处理下的元宝枫幼苗叶片净光合速率对光合有效辐射响应的特征参数"
处理号 treatment No. | 表观量子效率 AQY | Pn,max/ (μmol·m-2·s-1) | 光饱和点/ (μmol·m-2·s-1) LSP | 光补偿点/ (μmol·m-2·s-1) LCP | 暗呼吸速率/ (μmol·m-2·s-1) dark respiration | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.05±0.02 abc | 3.27±0.57 bcde | 769.41±198.55 de | 14.58±1.30 b | 0.62±0.12 a | |||||
T2 | 0.07±0.02 ab | 5.58±1.36 abc | 1 164.69±71.57 a | 9.43±5.42 b | 0.56±0.36 a | |||||
T3 | 0.03±0.01 c | 2.54±1.72 cde | 845.71±69.39 bcde | 24.02±20.86 ab | 0.39±0.20 a | |||||
T4 | 0.04±0.03 bc | 1.31±1.08 e | 566.13±116.64 e | 20.56±15.28 ab | 0.48±0.54 a | |||||
T5 | 0.08±0.00 a | 6.32±0.45 ab | 841.71±33.94 bcde | 6.13±1.34 b | 0.46±0.08 a | |||||
T6 | 0.05±0.02 abc | 3.97±0.97 abcde | 1 096.23±287.48 abc | 11.35±6.80 b | 0.52±0.29 a | |||||
T7 | 0.04±0.02 bc | 2.53±1.14 cde | 861.27±292.45 bcde | 11.44±5.47 b | 0.31±0.12 a | |||||
T8 | 0.06±0.01 abc | 1.86±0.74 de | 683.31±198.36 de | 10.94±5.22 b | 0.51±0.25 a | |||||
T9 | 0.04±0.01 bc | 4.64±2.48 abcd | 1 114.50±203.82 ab | 15.72±8.99 b | 0.59±0.25 a | |||||
T10 | 0.04±0.02 bc | 3.11±1.34 cde | 821.61±104.72 bcde | 18.00±9.86 ab | 0.55±0.08 a | |||||
T11 | 0.04±0.03 bc | 3.71±2.50 abcde | 864.43±59.74 bcde | 12.97±9.63 b | 0.36±0.25 a | |||||
T12 | 0.04±0.01 bc | 2.16±1.32 de | 602.82±48.22 de | 15.39±5.10 b | 0.43±0.06 a | |||||
T13 | 0.06±0.03 ab | 6.52±2.89 a | 888.43±92.48 abcd | 14.49±10.01 b | 0.73±0.25 a | |||||
T14 | 0.05±0.01 abc | 6.83±3.09 a | 1 165.89±47.41 a | 20.48±11.50 ab | 0.88±0.42 a | |||||
T15 | 0.06±0.02 abc | 3.36±0.61 bcde | 751.90±98.55 de | 7.87±4.04 b | 0.38±0.17 a | |||||
T16 | 0.05±0.01 abc | 0.89±0.47 e | 816.97±155.94 cde | 39.01±29.47 a | 0.85±0.56 a | |||||
W | 2.00 | 1.23 | 0.46 | 1.66 | 1.91 | |||||
N | 2.54 | 12.64*** | 13.76*** | 1.32 | 2.07 | |||||
F值 F-value | P | 1.64 | 1.68 | 2.60 | 1.58 | 0.57 | ||||
K | 1.69 | 1.30 | 0.49 | 1.57 | 0.16 | |||||
W×N×P×K | 0.77 | 2.10 | 4.66*** | 0.55 | 0.12 |
表6
综合评分法分析正交试验结果"
处理号 treatment No. | 根冠比 root-shoot ratio | 高径比 height- diameter ratio | 总生物量 total biomass | SPAD值 SPAD value | Pn | 水分利用效率 WUE | Pn,max | 光饱和点 LSP | 综合得分 comprehensive score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 0.68 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.64 | 0.31 | 0.40 | 0.34 | 0.45 |
T2 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.52 | 1.00 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 1.00 | 0.74 |
T3 | 0.77 | 0.33 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.47 | 0.29 |
T4 | 0.66 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.13 |
T5 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.54 | 0.12 | 0.65 | 0.10 | 0.91 | 0.46 | 0.57 |
T6 | 0.63 | 0.07 | 0.19 | 0.46 | 0.69 | 0.29 | 0.52 | 0.88 | 0.55 |
T7 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.40 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.49 | 0.33 |
T8 | 0.36 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.57 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.18 |
T9 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.77 | 0.25 | 0.63 | 0.91 | 0.55 |
T10 | 0.68 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.50 | 0.65 | 0.44 | 0.37 | 0.43 | 0.46 |
T11 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.51 | 0.35 | 1.00 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.44 |
T12 | 0.53 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 0.01 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 0.06 | 0.23 |
T13 | 0.50 | 0.22 | 0.88 | 0.36 | 0.94 | 0.07 | 0.95 | 0.54 | 0.74 |
T14 | 0.66 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.86 |
T15 | 0.91 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.81 | 0.71 | 0.84 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.55 |
T16 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 0.20 | 0.71 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 0.42 | 0.23 |
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