基于空间句法优化的南浔近代私家园林空间特征研究

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202008017

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 209-216.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202008017

基于空间句法优化的南浔近代私家园林空间特征研究

张清海¹^,²(), 张山峰¹, 赵晨晔¹

1. 南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏南京 210095
2. 农业农村部景观农业重点实验室,江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2020-08-13 接受日期:2021-03-22 出版日期:2021-11-30 发布日期:2021-12-02
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31570702)

Spatial characteristics of modern private gardens in Nanxun based on the optimized space syntax

ZHANG Qinghai¹^,²(), ZHANG Shanfeng¹, ZHAO Chenye¹

1. College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
2. Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210095, China

Received:2020-08-13 Accepted:2021-03-22 Online:2021-11-30 Published:2021-12-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的通过对南浔近代私家园林空间特征的研究,挖掘其空间布局背后造园逻辑和营造手法,以利于造园艺术的传承和创新。方法运用空间句法量化分析的手段,优化分析方法,对南浔近代私家园林展开空间特征方面的研究。结果小莲庄、嘉业堂藏书楼和颖园具有以下空间特征:在平面布局上均采用了水面为中心的布局形式;在空间渗透性方面,小莲庄的空间渗透性最强,嘉业堂藏书楼居中,颖园最弱;在空间序列营造方面,3园均具有由“起景、发展、高潮、结尾”组成的完整空间序列;在可达性方面,颖园可达性最佳,嘉业堂藏书楼居中,小莲庄居后。结论南浔近代私家园林在空间营造上,极大程度传承了中国传统园林的开合对比、步移景异、抑扬顿挫等造园风格特征,又恰到好处地吸纳了西方园林开放式、中轴对称式等特征,两者浑然一体。造园的3点启示:① 将空间限定要素巧妙合理地组合排列,再结合回环曲折的小径,可达到步移景异的空间效果;② 适当增加可行层中面积较大的转折过渡空间,可以增强通行空间之间的渗透关系;而连接各节点之间的园路空间尽可能曲折狭长,以达到增强景深、以小见大的空间效果;③ 通过空间句法验证设计作品中空间序列的丰富程度,可以起到指导设计的作用。

关键词: 近代园林, 园林空间, 空间句法, 量化研究, 南浔

Abstract:

【Objective】 Through research on the spatial characteristics of modern private gardens in Nanxun, the logic and construction techniques behind the spatial layout of gardens are explored to achieve the purpose of inheritance and innovation of gardening art. 【Method】 Based on the quantitative analysis,the optimized space syntax is used to study the spatial characteristics of modern private gardens in Nanxun. 【Result】 Xiaolianzhuang, Jiayetang Library and Yingyuan have the following spatial characteristics, they all adopt a layout centered on the water surface; In terms of spatial permeability, Xiaolianzhuang has the strongest spatial permeability, followed by Jiayetang Library and Yingyuan; In terms of spatial sequence creation, the three gardens have a complete spatial sequence,which is composed of “starting scene, development, climax and ending”. In terms of line of sight and walking accessibility, Yingyuan has the best accessibility, followed by Jiayetang Library and Xiaolianzhuang. 【Conclusion】 In terms of space construction, Nanxun modern private gardens blend characteristics of Chinese traditional gardens and Western gardens,which have greatly inherited the characteristics of Chinese traditional gardens, such as opening and closing comparison, moving scenery, variable space in size and so on,while which also appropriately absorb the characteristics of Western gardens, such as the open style and central axisymmetric style. There are three implications: ① through combining the space-defining elements in an ingenious and reasonable manner with a winding path to achieve a rich spatial effect, ② properly setting up a transitional space with a large area in the feasible layer to enhance the penetration relationship between the adjacent spaces. The garden road is twisted and narrow to be as long as possible, to achieve the spatial effect of enhancing the depth of field and visualization of seeing the big from the small, ③ space syntax is used to verify the richness of the spatial sequence as a guidance in the design work.

Key words: modern garden, garden space, space syntax, quantitative research, Nanxun

中图分类号:

TU986
S732

张清海,张山峰,赵晨晔. 基于空间句法优化的南浔近代私家园林空间特征研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(6): 209-216.

ZHANG Qinghai, ZHANG Shanfeng, ZHAO Chenye. Spatial characteristics of modern private gardens in Nanxun based on the optimized space syntax[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(6): 209-216.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202008017.

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园名 garden name	总面积/m² total area	园林面积/m² garden area	园林类型 garden type	园中园 garden in the garden	建成时间 completion date	园主 owner	身份 identity
小莲庄 Xiaolianzhuang	17 165.8	11 443.9		有	1924年	刘镛
嘉业堂藏书楼 Jiayetang Library	15 162.6	9 091.6	山水园	无	1924年	刘承干	近代文人资本家
颖园 Yingyuan	约1 400	约1 400		无	约1874年	陈煦元

园名 garden name	可视层 visual layer			可行层 feasible layer
园名 garden name	平均连接度	平均整合度	平均深度值	平均连接度	平均整合度	平均深度值
小莲庄 Xiaolianzhuang	13 442.7	9.1	2.7	675.4	2.9	5.8
嘉业堂藏书楼 Jiayetang Library	2 182.5	9.4	2.3	420.9	2.8	4.8
颖园 Yingyuan	986.6	12.0	1.8	97.3	2.4	4.6

园名 garden name	可视层visual layer		可行层feasible layer
园名 garden name	渗透性 permeability	可达性 accessibility	渗透性 permeability	可达性 accessibility
小莲庄 Xiaolianzhuang	1	3	1	3
嘉业堂藏书楼 Jiayetang Library	2	2	2	2
颖园 Yingyuan	3	1	3	1

基于空间句法优化的南浔近代私家园林空间特征研究

Spatial characteristics of modern private gardens in Nanxun based on the optimized space syntax

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园林名称 garden name	项目 item	科数 family amount	属数 genus amount	种数 species amount	株数 individual amount
小莲庄 Xiaolianzhuang	乔木arbor	19	25	29	215
	灌木shrub	16	19	20	103
	常绿植物 evergreen plant	25	32	37	226
	落叶植物 deciduous plant	16	20	25	92
嘉业堂藏书楼 Jiayetang Library	乔木arbor	19	15	19	334
	灌木shrub	14	15	16	742
	常绿植物 evergreen plant	22	28	28	893
	落叶植物 deciduous plant	12	15	15	183
颖园 Yingyuan	乔木arbor	9	9	9	18
	灌木shrub	15	16	16	40
	常绿植物 evergreen plant	20	21	22	34
	落叶植物 deciduous plant	7	7	7	24