基于烟气扩散特征的林区隧道火灾人群疏散模型

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202009050

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 177-184.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202009050

基于烟气扩散特征的林区隧道火灾人群疏散模型

王羽尘(), 马健霄^*(), 刘宇航, 白莹佳

南京林业大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2020-09-22 接受日期:2021-03-09 出版日期:2021-11-30 发布日期:2021-12-02
通讯作者: 马健霄
基金资助:
江苏省交通运输科技项目(2018Y15);南京市科协软科学研究项目(NJKX2017RKX-05)

The evacuation model of forest tunnel fire based on the characteristics of smoke diffusion

WANG Yuchen(), MA Jianxiao^*(), LIU Yuhang, BAI Yingjia

College of Automotive and Transportation Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China

Received:2020-09-22 Accepted:2021-03-09 Online:2021-11-30 Published:2021-12-02
Contact: MA Jianxiao

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的为保障林区隧道运营安全,提高应急疏散效率,优化林区隧道的人群疏散策略和相关配套设施,提出一种基于烟气扩散特征的林区隧道人群疏散模型。方法建立了以范围和频率为特征的烟气扩散模型,主要应用元胞自动机中的地板场模型为基本框架,引入消光系数来反映烟气扩散对距离感知的影响,使用烟气场强来描述人群的应急疏散行为。结果相对于传统的疏散模型,改进的疏散模型适用于林区隧道的烟气环境仿真,引入消光系数后,行人的平均疏散步长增加了71 s,且消光系数值越大,疏散时间越长;当经过100 s的时间烟气扩散频率达到6元胞/s时,才能对疏散产生一定的影响。结论所提出的疏散模型可应用于林区隧道内发光标志等安全设施的设置,对避免人员伤亡和保护林区及其相关附属设施具有重要意义。

关键词: 林区隧道, 应急疏散, 烟气扩散, 元胞自动机, 交通安全

Abstract:

【Objective】 To ensure the safety of forest tunnel operation, improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation, and optimize the crowd evacuation strategy and related supporting facilities of forest tunnels. 【Method】 A crowd evacuation model of a forest tunnel based on the characteristics of smoke diffusion was proposed. Based on the floor field model in a cellular automaton, a smoke diffusion model on the diffusion range and diffusion frequency was established and light loss coefficient was introduced to describe the effect of smoke on visibility; the smoke field was introduced to describe the behavior of pedestrians’ escape from smoke. 【Result】 The improved model was applied to a forest tunnel smoke environment for simulation. Compared with the basic model, the average evacuation step of pedestrians increased by 71 s after the introduction of the light loss coefficient. The greater the value of the light loss coefficient, the longer the evacuation time. The smoke diffusion frequency has a certain influence on evacuation only after 100 s and the diffusion frequency reaches 6 cells per second. 【Conclusion】 The results of this study can be applied to the setting of safety facilities such as light emitting signs in forest tunnels, which is of great significance for avoiding casualties and safeguarding forest areas and their related ancillary facilities.

Key words: forest tunnel, emergency evacuation, smoke diffusion, cellular automaton, traffic safety

中图分类号:

王羽尘,马健霄,刘宇航,等. 基于烟气扩散特征的林区隧道火灾人群疏散模型[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(6): 177-184.

WANG Yuchen, MA Jianxiao, LIU Yuhang, BAI Yingjia. The evacuation model of forest tunnel fire based on the characteristics of smoke diffusion[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(6): 177-184.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202009050.

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基于烟气扩散特征的林区隧道火灾人群疏散模型

The evacuation model of forest tunnel fire based on the characteristics of smoke diffusion

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