目的 为探讨施肥方式和施肥量对薄壳山核桃容器幼苗生长以及养分的影响,筛选适宜苗木生长的施肥方案。方法 以薄壳山核桃‘绍兴’子代1年生容器苗为材料,设置指数施肥(A)、常规施肥(B)和平均施肥(C)3种施肥方式,每种施肥方式设定0.5、2.0、3.5、5.0 g/株(编号依次为1、2、3、4)等4种施肥量,不施肥(CK) 为对照,共13个处理,分别测定苗高、地茎、生物量、根系及营养积累等指标,分析不同施肥方式和施肥量对薄壳山核桃容器苗生长及养分积累的影响。结果 指数施肥下,薄壳山核桃苗高、地径、生物量等指标随着施肥量的增加而逐渐增大,以施肥量5.0 g/株(处理A4)时苗木生长量最大;常规施肥和平均施肥下苗木生长指标随着施肥量的增加先升后降,均以3.5 g/株施肥量时(处理B3和C3)达到最大值,且处理C3优于B3和A4。苗木养分积累情况表明:指数施肥方式下,除P元素外,N、K元素的积累量均随着施肥量的增加而上升,表明指数施肥处理下苗木生长处于贫养;常规施肥和平均施肥方式中,随着施肥量的增加,各处理养分积累量均先上升后下降,以施肥3.5 g/株时达到最大值,其中以C3最优, B3次之。结论 本试验以平均施肥方式、施肥量为3.5 g/株有利于薄壳山核桃幼苗生长,苗高、地径、根系、生物量及养分积累等指标表现较优,苗木质量优于其他处理。

【Objective】 An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of fertilization methods and fertilization amounts on the growth and nutrient content of container seedlings of Carya illinoinensis and select suitable fertilization programs for the seedling growth. 【Method】 One-year-old container seedlings of C. illinoinensis ‘Shaoxing’ were used as the materials. The three fertilization methods included exponential fertilization(A), conventional fertilization(B), and average fertilization(C), and each fertilization method was set to 0.5, 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 g per plant. The treatment without fertilization was used as the control (CK). There were 13 treatments in total, and the seedlings’ height, ground stem, biomass, root system indicators and nutrient accumulation indicators were measured to analyze the effects of different fertilization methods, fertilization amounts on the growth and nutrient accumulation of container seedlings of C. illinoinensis. 【Result】 Under exponential fertilization, the seedling height, ground diameter, biomass and other indicators gradually increased with the increase of the fertilization amount, and the suitable fertilization rate was 5.0 g per plant (treatment A4). Under conventional fertilization and average fertilization, the growth indices intially increased then decreased with the increase of fertilization amounts, which reached a maximum at 3.5 g per plant (treatments B3 and C3). It was obvious that the treatment C3 was better than the treatments B3 and A4. In the index of nutrient accumulation of seedlings, under exponential fertilization, the accumulation of N and K elements except P increased with an increase in the fertilization rate, which indicated that the growth of seedlings under the exponential fertilization treatment was poor. Under conventional fertilization and average fertilization, the nutrient accumulation of each treatment initially increased then decreased with an increase in the fertilization rate and reached a maximum at 3.5 g per plant. C3 was the best treatment, followed by B3. 【Conclusion】 In this experiment, the average fertilization method and fertilization rate of 3.5 g/plant were beneficial to the growth of one-year-old C. illinoinensis seedlings. The seedling height, ground diameter, root indices, biomass and nutrient accumulation were the best under this treatment condition, as was the seedling quality.