【目的】了解若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区水环境特征、水体补给关系,为合理保护和改善湿地水生态环境提供理论参考。【方法】采用液态水/水汽同位素分析仪测定了氢氧稳定同位素丰度,通过离子色谱仪测定八大离子水化学特征指标,对若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区不同水体(降水、河水、沼泽水、地下水)的化学参数和氢氧稳定同位素[(δ(D)和δ(¹⁸O)]进行分析,研究该区域水化学类型和同位素空间分布特征,探讨了其形成原因和环境意义。【结果】①湖泊水体、黑河及其入沼泽水体、出沼泽水体的主要化学类型都为$HCO_{3}^{-}$-Ca型(重碳酸钙型水);②若尔盖夏季“大气水线”为δ(D) = 8.28 δ(¹⁸O)+13.86,说明受局地水汽、二次蒸发影响小,但蒸发强烈。偏小的δ(¹⁸O)和δ(D)值,反映了雨季受海洋性暖湿气团的影响,降水集中且丰沛,重同位素沿途受雨水冲刷作用较强的特点。HYSPLIT模拟结果证明若尔盖夏季水汽来源于平稳的西风带,受西风环流控制;③降水是其他水体(河水、沼泽水、地下水)最初始的补给来源;河水斜率与沼泽水斜率相近,趋近平行,说明二者的补给关系最为频繁和密切,其中沼泽水接受黑河的支流——果曲、津曲、阿蒙曲、德纳的补给,而黑河的干流与沼泽则是交汇补给。【结论】若尔盖各水体水化学特征主要受流域水岩作用所调控,水体氢氧稳定同位素特征揭示了流域降水、蒸发、大气环流及水文循环过程。

【Objective】 This study aimed to clarify the water environment characteristics and water supply relationship in the Zoige Wetland Nature Reserve, thereby providing a theoretical reference for protecting and improving this wetland and water ecosystem. 【Method】 In this study, the abundance of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes was measured using a liquid water/water vapor isotope analyzer, and eight ion hydrochemical characteristic indexes were measured using ion chromatography. The chemical parameters and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of different water bodies (precipitation water, river water, swamp water, and underground water) in Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve were analyzed[(δ(D) and δ(¹⁸O)], the hydrochemical types and spatial distribution characteristics of isotopes in this area were preliminarily examined, and their formation causes and environmental significance were discussed. 【Result】 (1) The main chemical type of lake water and that of the Heihe River which flows in and out of the wetlands is $HCO_{3}^{-}$-Ca (calcium bicarbonate) water. (2) The “atmospheric water line” in Ruoergai in summer is δ(D)=8.28 δ(¹⁸O)+13.86, indicating that it is less affected by the local water vapor and secondary evaporation, but evaporation is strong. Lower δ(¹⁸O) and δ(D) values reflect the characteristics of concentrated and abundant precipitation in the rainy season under the influence of marine warm and humid air masses and intense erosion of heavy isotopes along the way. The split simulation results showed that the water vapor in Zoige in summer originated from the stable westerly zone and was controlled by a westerly circulation. (3) Precipitation is the initial source of river water, swamp water, and groundwater, and the slope of river water is similar to that of swamp water, which indicates that the supply relationship between them is close and will occur most frequently. Swamp water was supplied by the tributaries of the Heihe River (Guoqu, Jingu, Amengqu, and Dena rivers), whereas the mainstream of Heihe River and the swamp were supplied through the respective intersections. 【Conclusion】 Hydrochemical characteristics of each water body in Zoige were mainly affected by water-rock interactions in the basin. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics of the water bodies revealed the processes of precipitation, evaporation, atmospheric circulation, and hydrological cycling in the basin.