【目的】研究不同园林废弃物发酵腐熟特征以及影响发芽指数(GI)的主要因素,为探索园林废弃物发酵腐熟程度的科学评价,以及园林废弃物的资源化高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】通过分析4种园林废弃物[(榉树(Zelkova schneideriana)枝和叶、法国梧桐树(Platanus orientails)枝和树叶]堆肥发酵过程中温度、pH、电导率(EC)、有机质含量、纤维素含量以及腐殖酸含量等指标的变化,研究不同类型园林废弃物发酵腐熟过程的差异,同时以生菜种子发芽指数(GI)作为判断依据,分析与其他性状指标变化的关系及影响GI的主要因素。【结果】①法国梧桐枝、叶较榉树枝、叶更易发酵,堆肥过程中物料温度高3.2~5.0 ℃。随着发酵进程,各处理pH均有升高,发酵结束时榉树叶pH最高,与最低的法国梧桐枝之间差异显著;而各处理EC值显著下降,其中法国梧桐叶和榉树叶EC值显著高于法国梧桐枝和榉树枝。②法国梧桐枝较其他3个处理含有更多易分解的有机成分,其发酵过程中有机质、木质素和纤维素降解幅度最大,榉树叶在发酵前后有机物含量都最低。同时,4个处理的腐殖化程度明显不同,其中发酵结束时的榉树叶腐殖化系数(HI)显著高于其他3个处理。③法国梧桐枝和榉树枝发酵腐熟物的发芽指数(GI)均显著高于法国梧桐叶和榉树叶。④影响4种园林废弃物GI的主要指标为有机质含量、EC值、胡敏酸含量以及纤维素含量。【结论】对于榉树叶和榉树枝,有机质含量和纤维素含量是GI的主要贡献因子;而对于法国梧桐叶和枝,胡敏酸含量和EC值对GI影响的贡献更大。

【Objective】 The main factors affecting the fermentation and maturity of different garden wastes and the main factors affecting their germination index (GI) were studied. The findings provide a theoretical basis for exploring the scientific evaluation of the fermentation and maturity of garden waste and the efficient utilization of garden waste resources. 【Method】 Changes of temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), organic matter content, cellulose content and humic acid content in four kinds of garden waste (branches and leaves of beech and phoenix) were analyzed during the compost fermentation process. 【Result】 There were four main results. First, branches and leaves of phoenix were more easily fermented than beech branches and leaves. The composting temperature of phoenix was 3.2 to 5.0 ℃ higher than that of beech. With the fermentation process, pH increased in all treatments. The pH of beech leaves was the highest at the end of fermentation, and the difference was significant between the beech leaves and the phoenix branches. The EC value of each treatment decreased significantly and were significantly higher for phoenix and beech leaves than for phoenix and beech branches. Second, phoenix branches contained more easily decomposed organic compounds than the other three treatments; during the phoenix branch fermentation process, the degradation range of organic matter, lignin, and cellulose was the largest, and the organic content of beech leaves was the lowest before and after fermentation. The humification degree of the four treatments was significantly different, and the humification coefficient of the leaves of beech leaves at the end of fermentation was significantly higher than that of the other three treatments. Third, phoenix and beech branch fermented maturity indices (GI) were significantly higher than those of phoenix leaves and beech leaves. Fourth, the main indices affecting the GI of the four garden wastes were organic matter content, EC, humic acid content, and cellulose content. 【Conclusion】 Organic matter and cellulose contents were the main contributing factors to GI in beech leaves and branches. For phoenix leaves and phoenix branches, humic acid content and EC contributed more to the GI.