不同园林废弃物堆肥过程中化学性状变化及其对发芽指数的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202011

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 133-140.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202011

不同园林废弃物堆肥过程中化学性状变化及其对发芽指数的影响

胡永恒¹(), 张程¹, 万华琴¹, 朱咏莉¹^,²^,^*(), 李萍萍¹^,²^,^*()

1.南京林业大学生态与环境学院,江苏南京 210037
2.南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-02-16 修回日期:2022-06-01 出版日期:2023-11-30 发布日期:2023-11-23
通讯作者: *朱咏莉 (lyly2011@126.com),研究员,负责实验及论文写作指导;李萍萍(lipingping@ujs.edu.cn),教授,负责选题指导及论文修改。
基金资助:
江苏省科技厅农业重点研发项目(BE2018321);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Changes of chemical properties during composting of different garden wastes and their effects on germination index

HU Yongheng¹(), ZHANG Cheng¹, WAN Huaqin¹, ZHU Yongli¹^,²^,^*(), LI Pingping¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037,China
2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037,China

Received:2022-02-16 Revised:2022-06-01 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同园林废弃物发酵腐熟特征以及影响发芽指数(GI)的主要因素,为探索园林废弃物发酵腐熟程度的科学评价,以及园林废弃物的资源化高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】通过分析4种园林废弃物[(榉树(Zelkova schneideriana)枝和叶、法国梧桐树(Platanus orientails)枝和树叶]堆肥发酵过程中温度、pH、电导率(EC)、有机质含量、纤维素含量以及腐殖酸含量等指标的变化,研究不同类型园林废弃物发酵腐熟过程的差异,同时以生菜种子发芽指数(GI)作为判断依据,分析与其他性状指标变化的关系及影响GI的主要因素。【结果】①法国梧桐枝、叶较榉树枝、叶更易发酵,堆肥过程中物料温度高3.2~5.0 ℃。随着发酵进程,各处理pH均有升高,发酵结束时榉树叶pH最高,与最低的法国梧桐枝之间差异显著;而各处理EC值显著下降,其中法国梧桐叶和榉树叶EC值显著高于法国梧桐枝和榉树枝。②法国梧桐枝较其他3个处理含有更多易分解的有机成分,其发酵过程中有机质、木质素和纤维素降解幅度最大,榉树叶在发酵前后有机物含量都最低。同时,4个处理的腐殖化程度明显不同,其中发酵结束时的榉树叶腐殖化系数(HI)显著高于其他3个处理。③法国梧桐枝和榉树枝发酵腐熟物的发芽指数(GI)均显著高于法国梧桐叶和榉树叶。④影响4种园林废弃物GI的主要指标为有机质含量、EC值、胡敏酸含量以及纤维素含量。【结论】对于榉树叶和榉树枝,有机质含量和纤维素含量是GI的主要贡献因子;而对于法国梧桐叶和枝,胡敏酸含量和EC值对GI影响的贡献更大。

关键词: 园林废弃物, 堆肥, 化学性状, 发芽指数, 榉树, 法国梧桐

Abstract:

【Objective】 The main factors affecting the fermentation and maturity of different garden wastes and the main factors affecting their germination index (GI) were studied. The findings provide a theoretical basis for exploring the scientific evaluation of the fermentation and maturity of garden waste and the efficient utilization of garden waste resources. 【Method】 Changes of temperature, pH, electric conductivity (EC), organic matter content, cellulose content and humic acid content in four kinds of garden waste (branches and leaves of beech and phoenix) were analyzed during the compost fermentation process. 【Result】 There were four main results. First, branches and leaves of phoenix were more easily fermented than beech branches and leaves. The composting temperature of phoenix was 3.2 to 5.0 ℃ higher than that of beech. With the fermentation process, pH increased in all treatments. The pH of beech leaves was the highest at the end of fermentation, and the difference was significant between the beech leaves and the phoenix branches. The EC value of each treatment decreased significantly and were significantly higher for phoenix and beech leaves than for phoenix and beech branches. Second, phoenix branches contained more easily decomposed organic compounds than the other three treatments; during the phoenix branch fermentation process, the degradation range of organic matter, lignin, and cellulose was the largest, and the organic content of beech leaves was the lowest before and after fermentation. The humification degree of the four treatments was significantly different, and the humification coefficient of the leaves of beech leaves at the end of fermentation was significantly higher than that of the other three treatments. Third, phoenix and beech branch fermented maturity indices (GI) were significantly higher than those of phoenix leaves and beech leaves. Fourth, the main indices affecting the GI of the four garden wastes were organic matter content, EC, humic acid content, and cellulose content. 【Conclusion】 Organic matter and cellulose contents were the main contributing factors to GI in beech leaves and branches. For phoenix leaves and phoenix branches, humic acid content and EC contributed more to the GI.

Key words: garden waste, composting, chemical properties, germination index, beech(Zelkova schneideriana), phoenix(Platanus orientails)

中图分类号:

X71
S141.4

胡永恒,张程,万华琴,等. 不同园林废弃物堆肥过程中化学性状变化及其对发芽指数的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 133-140.

HU Yongheng, ZHANG Cheng, WAN Huaqin, ZHU Yongli, LI Pingping. Changes of chemical properties during composting of different garden wastes and their effects on germination index[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(6): 133-140.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202202011.

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发酵时间/d fermentation time	JY		JZ		WY		WZ
发酵时间/d fermentation time	HI	GI	HI	GI	HI	GI	HI	GI
0	0.11±0.03 a	25.5±1.8 b	0.08±0.02 a	30.0±3.1 b	0.11±0.03 a	35.8±1.9 a	0.14±0.02 a	40.0±1.9 a
10	0.18±0.03 a	30.5±3.0 c	0.15±0.03 a	37.8±1.5 b	0.20±0.03 a	43.5±1.1 a	0.21±0.03 a	47.8±2.2 a
20	0.36±0.11 a	97.8±2.4 b	0.45±0.08 a	108.3±2.2 a	0.39±0.09 a	100.8±3.3 b	0.33±0.01 a	97.5±1.8 b
30	0.64±0.12 a	104.8±2.9 b	0.56±0.11 a	124.0±3.9 a	0.46±0.05 a	102.5±1.8 b	0.48±0.05 a	105.0±1.9 b
40	1.05±0.17 a	108.8±1.5 c	0.91±0.22 ab	136.8±4.3 a	0.75±0.05 b	110.5±2.7 c	0.73±0.07 b	121.0±3.2 b
50	1.18±0.27 a	110.8±2.9 b	1.00±0.21 a	140.0±1.9 a	0.95±0.12 a	110.8±1.5 b	0.93±0.14 a	136.3±4.8 a
60	1.39±0.36 a	112.0±1.9 b	1.22±0.17 ab	140.5±3.0 a	1.11±0.17 ab	116.0±3.7 b	1.03±0.13 b	143.8±7.6 a
70	1.74±0.21 a	118.0±4.6 d	1.47±0.26 ab	151.0±2.5 b	1.40±0.34 b	123.3±6.1 c	1.62±0.41 ab	158.3±2.9 a

不同园林废弃物堆肥过程中化学性状变化及其对发芽指数的影响

Changes of chemical properties during composting of different garden wastes and their effects on germination index

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[1]	刘泽茂, 晏昕, 吴文, 张于卉, 喻方圆. 竹炭添加对大叶榉树容器苗生长和营养状况的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(2): 111-118.
[2]	马仕林, 曹鹏翔, 张金池, 刘京, 王金平, 朱凌骏, 袁钟鸣. 盐胁迫下AMF对榉树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 46(1): 122-130.
[3]	孙杰杰,沈爱华,黄玉洁,袁位高,吴初平,叶诺楠,朱锦茹,邱浩杰,焦洁洁,江波. 浙江省大叶榉树生境地群落数量分类与排序[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 62(04): 85-93.
[4]	李婷婷,袁位高,温丽娜,朱锦茹,刘建灵,邱帅,张大伟. 基于HalfsibBV的大叶榉树家系遗传参数估算与综合选择[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 62(04): 8-16.
[5]	朱凌骏,傅致远,张金池,王金平,林杰,袁钟鸣,程雪飞,储冬升. 菌根真菌对榉树光合特性的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2018, 61(06): 121-127.
[6]	滕飞,刘勇,胡嘉伟,孙巧玉,万芳芳,杨晨,张劲. 蘑菇渣堆肥对油松移植容器苗生长和养分的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2016, 59(05): 184-190.
[7]	徐宏强,沈加禾,张焕朝,王艮梅,曹福亮. 银杏残叶添加比例对猪粪好氧堆肥的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2016, 59(01): 39-43.
[8]	刘侃诚,许伟,郁世军,李英,韩正敏. 榉树枯萎病的发生为害调查及病原鉴定[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2015, 58(06): 24-28.
[9]	胡嘉伟,刘勇,马履一,李国雷,贾忠奎,王琰,娄军山,杨晓辉. 园林废弃物堆肥替代油松容器苗基质材料的研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2015, 58(05): 81-86.
[10]	丁彦芬,高俊飞,张利. 配方施肥对榉树幼苗生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2014, 57(增刊): 35-38.
[11]	王瀚起,张银龙,马爱军,蒋为民,刘燕,张健生. 添加菇渣对城市污泥好氧堆肥质量的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2013, 56(06): 73-76.
[12]	喻方圆1,邵岚1,易永娴1,刘斯通2. 青冈栎等6种林木种子耐脱水性研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2006, 49(01): 17-20.
[13]	史锋厚,喻方圆*,沈永宝,曹福亮. 超低温贮藏对油松种子的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2005, 48(06): 119-122.
[14]	赵旺兔;甘小洪;丁雨龙. 榉树木材的发育解剖学研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2003, 46(03): 42-42.
[15]	陈智建. 评价加速老化杉木种子活力生理生化指标的研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 1992, 35(04): 59-63.