南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 211-218.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202206029

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于蚊患防控的亚热带地区城市公园生态整治设计

杨云峰(), 杨家琪   

  1. 南京林业大学风景园林学院,江苏 南京 210037
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-19 修回日期:2023-01-13 出版日期:2023-11-30 发布日期:2023-11-23
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32171859);国家自然科学基金项目(32171856);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Ecological renovation design of urban parks in subtropical regions based on mosquito prevention and control

YANG Yunfeng(), YANG Jiaqi   

  1. College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
  • Received:2022-06-19 Revised:2023-01-13 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-11-23

摘要:

【目的】分析城市公园的蚊虫数量或密度与景观因子、气象因子之间的关系,总结城市公园生态整治设计时防控蚊患的策略。【方法】2021年8—9月,在南京市玄武湖公园中情侣园游客活动范围内选择65个取样点,分别测量各点位的蚊虫密度,并分析蚊虫密度与公园景观因子、气象因子的相关性。【结果】研究区域内蚊虫密度与乔木覆盖率、垂直高度0.2~1.8 m的植被覆盖率、相对湿度正相关,与硬质铺装率和风速负相关。灌木覆盖率、草本覆盖率、植被覆盖率、水体比例、是否为自然驳岸、水生植物覆盖率、水生植物平均高度和温度对蚊虫密度的影响程度较小。【结论】对于水、土、植被的生态整治是控制蚊虫的根本,对于城市公园进行设计和改造时,提出以下4条原则:①优化蚊患防控导向的绿地布局,设置生态保育区以及缓冲区;②在公园种植设计中,游客聚集区可适当增加驱蚊类植物和针叶树的比例,垂直高度0.2~1.8 m空间内减少灌木种植;③加强对公园水体的治理,水体规划遵循“大而集中”原则;④完善公园基础设施,如建设可透水雨水井、减少雨水蓄积以趋避蚊患,以及设置灭蚊设施。

关键词: 城市公园, 蚊患防控, 生态整治, 驱蚊植物, 亚热带地区

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to analyze the relationship between mosquito problem and landscape factors, meteorological factors in urban parks, and then summarize mosquito prevention and control strategies during ecological renovation of urban parks. 【Method】 From August to September 2021, 65 sampling points were selected within the tourist activity range of the lovers’ garden in Xuanwu Lake Park of Nanjing City, the mosquito density at each point was measured respectively, and the correlation between the mosquito density and landscape factors and meteorological factors was analyzed. 【Result】 There was a strong positive correlation between mosquito density and tree coverage, plant density at vertical height of 0.2-1.8 m and relatively humidity, and a strong negative correlation between mosquito density and hard pavement rate and wind speed in the study area. Shrub coverage, herb coverage, vegetation coverage, water ratio, whether it is a natural revetment, aquatic plant coverage, average height and temperature of aquatic plants have a small impact on mosquito density. 【Conclusion】The ecological improvement of water, soil and vegetation is the foundation of controlling mosquitoes. When designing and transforming urban parks, the following four design principles are proposed: (1)Optimize the layout of green spaces oriented towards mosquito prevention and control, and set up ecological conservation areas and buffer zones. (2) In the planting design of the park, the proportion of mosquito repellent plants and coniferous trees can be appropriately increased in the tourist gathering area, and the planting of shrubs can be reduced in the space with a vertical height of 0.2-1.8 m.(3) Strengthen the management of the water body of the park, and the water body planning follows the “big and concentrated”.(4) Improve park infrastructure, such as building permeable rainwater wells to reduce rainwater accumulation to avoid mosquitoes, and setting up mosquito control facilities.

Key words: urban park, mosquito prevention and control, ecological renovation, mosquito repellent plant, subtropical region

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