大气CO2浓度升高对红豆树苗木光合生理和形态的影响

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208059

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 124-132.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208059

大气CO₂浓度升高对红豆树苗木光合生理和形态的影响

韦忆¹(), 韦小丽¹^,²^,^*(), 王明彬¹, 王嫚¹, 余大龙¹

1.贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳 550025
2.贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心,贵州贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2022-08-26 修回日期:2022-10-24 出版日期:2023-11-30 发布日期:2023-11-23
通讯作者: *韦小丽(gdwxl2022@163.com),教授。
基金资助:
贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2021]一般);贵州省高层次创新人才培养计划(黔科合平台人才[2016]5661(黔科合平台人才[2016]5661)

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration on the photosynthetic physiology and morphology of Ormosia hosiei seedlings

WEI Yi¹(), WEI Xiaoli¹^,²^,^*(), WANG Mingbin¹, WANG Man¹, YU Dalong¹

1. Forestry College of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
2. Guizhou Forest Resources and Environment Research Center, Guiyang 550025, China

Received:2022-08-26 Revised:2022-10-24 Online:2023-11-30 Published:2023-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】揭示珍稀濒危树种红豆树(Ormosia hosiei)在未来气候变化情景下对大气CO₂浓度升高的响应策略,预测未来其生存状况并采取有效应对措施。【方法】将2年生红豆树苗种植在开顶式气室(OTC)中模拟大气CO₂浓度升高的影响,设置400(CK)、600(E1)和800 μmol/mol(E2)3个CO₂浓度,处理146 d后分析升高CO₂浓度对红豆树苗光合生理、叶片表观特征和解剖特性的影响。【结果】①大气CO₂浓度升高使红豆树苗光合生理参数保持较高水平,其叶绿素和类胡萝卜素分别在E2处理下较CK增加了8.65%、23.47%,核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸核酮糖加氧/羧化酶(RuBisCO)和核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸核酮糖加氧/羧化酶活化酶(RCA)活性分别在E2处理下较CK提高了25.11%、85.36%,净光合速率在E2处理下较CK增加235.40%。叶绿素荧光参数中最大光化学效率F_v/F_m在E2和E1处理下分别较CK显著降低了29.46%、9.12%,而实际光化学效率Y(Ⅱ)在各处理间差异不显著;叶绿素荧光参数中反映光合活性的光化学淬灭系数qP和qL在E2处理下分别较CK显著增加了44.30%、134.84%,而反映热耗散能力的非光化学淬灭系数qN和NPQ对CO₂浓度升高的响应不敏感。②在叶片形态和表观特征方面,高CO₂浓度环境中的红豆树苗叶面积增大但叶片厚度变薄,比叶重在E2和E1处理下分别较CK减少31.68%、24.26%,且在CO₂浓度升高条件下红豆树叶片栅栏组织厚度显著增加,但海绵组织厚度减小。红豆树苗在高浓度CO₂环境中光合生理和叶片形态的良好表现,促使红豆树苗高和地径净生长量分别在E2处理下较CK增长了6.90%、13.35%。【结论】大气CO₂浓度升高增加了红豆树光合作用底物,提高了其光合系统对光能捕捉和利用的能力,光合活性增加而光保护能力不受影响,苗木叶片形态随CO₂浓度升高产生适应性变化。故认为红豆树苗在大气CO₂浓度升高条件下通过光合生理和形态改变的协同作用促进其生长。

关键词: 红豆树, CO₂浓度, 光合生理, 叶片结构, 表观特征

Abstract:

【Objective】This research aims to reveal a response strategy for the rare and endangered Ormosia hosiei facing of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration under future climate change, with the hope to forecast its future living conditions and take effective measures to prevent loss. 【Method】Two-year-old O. hosiei seedlings were planted in open-top chambers to simulate the effects of increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Three CO₂ concentrations, namely 400 (CK), 600 (E1) and 800 μmol/mol (E2) were set. After 146 days of treatment, the effects of elevated CO₂ concentration on the photosynthetic physiology, apparent characteristics and leaf anatomical characteristics of the O. hosiei seedlings were analyzed. 【Result】(1) The photosynthetic physiological parameters of the O. hosiei seedlings maintained a high level in the elevated CO₂ environment. The chlorophyll and carotenoids in the E2 treatment increased by 8.65% and 23.47%, respectively, compared with CK. The activity of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphatecarboxylase/oxygenase activase in the E2 treatment increased by 25.11% and 85.36%, respectively, compared with CK. The net photosynthetic rate in the E2 treatment increased by 235.40% compared with CK. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maximum photochemical efficiency F_v/F_m in the E1 and E2 treatments significantly decreased by 29.46% and 9.12%, respectively, compared with CK, but the Y(Ⅱ) was not significantly different among the treatments. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters reflected the photochemical quenching coefficient of photosynthetic activity in qP and qL under the E2 treatment. Under CK they significantly increased by 44.30% and 134.84%, respectively, reflecting that the heat dissipation capability of the photochemical quenching coefficients of qN and NPQ was not sensitive to the response to the elevated CO₂ concentrations. (2) In terms of leaf morphology and apparent characteristics, the leaf area of the O. hosiei seedlings increased but the leaves became thinner under high CO₂ conditions. The specific leaf weight of the O. hosiei seedlings decreased by 31.68% and 24.26% under E2 and E1 compared with CK, respectively. The increased CO₂ concentration significantly increased the palisade tissue thickness of the leaves but decreased the sponge tissue thickness. The excellent performance in photosynthetic physiology and leaf morphology of the O. hosiei seedlings under a high CO₂ environment increased the height and ground diameter by 6.90% and 13.35% in the E2 treatment compared with CK, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations increased the photosynthetic substrates of O. hosiei seedlings’, improved the photosynthetic system of light energy capture, and increased photosynthetic activity. Light protection was not affected and the blade shape changed with the elevated CO₂ concentration to produce adaptability. Finally, the O. hosiei seedlings under the condition of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration showed synergistic photosynthetic physiological and morphological changes that promoted growth.

Key words: Ormosia hosiei, CO₂ concentration, photosynthetic physiology, leaf structure, apparent characteristics

中图分类号:

S718

韦忆,韦小丽,王明彬,等. 大气CO₂浓度升高对红豆树苗木光合生理和形态的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 124-132.

WEI Yi, WEI Xiaoli, WANG Mingbin, WANG Man, YU Dalong. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration on the photosynthetic physiology and morphology of Ormosia hosiei seedlings[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(6): 124-132.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208059.

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处理 treatment	P_n/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	T_r/ (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	G_s/ (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	C_i/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	E_WUE/ (mmol·mol^-1)
CK	3.39±0.42 c	0.78±0.11 b	0.043±0.002 b	253.03±25.59 c	4.45±1.27 c
E1	6.93±0.99 b	0.97±0.11 ab	0.060±0.010 a	381.85±28.89 b	7.20±0.98 b
E2	11.37±0.39 a	1.09±0.03 a	0.069±0.002 a	499.71±21.90 a	10.41±0.54 a

处理 treatment	叶面积/cm² LA	叶干质量/g LDW	比叶重/(g·cm^-2) leaf specific weight	株高净生长量/cm height net growth	地径净生长量/mm ground diameter net growth	高径比/(cm·mm^-1) ratio of height to ground diameter
CK	17.21±0.47 c	0.86±0.10 a	0.50±0.006 a	9.17±1.52 b	1.05±0.10 c	8.09±0.42 a
E1	22.17±1.02 b	0.84±0.07 a	0.38±0.004 b	9.50±1.04 b	1.83±0.97 b	7.34±0.25 b
E2	28.39±0.91 a	0.98±0.04 a	0.34±0.004 b	14.83±0.23 a	2.37±0.10 a	7.61±0.11 b