警根瘤蚜在叶片表面形成虫瘿危害薄壳山核桃,笔者对其自然状态下虫瘿发育过程和变化特点进行了研究,结果表明:虫瘿通常呈椭圆球状,长>宽>高; 初期是虫瘿发育较快的阶段,其生长与叶片的变化具有很高的正相关性; 后期发育缓慢,虫瘿长、宽、高略微减小,体积也相应变小,长、宽还是呈线性变化,当虫瘿尺寸增加趋缓甚至减小时,虫瘿的发育与叶片的生长没有相关性。因此,针对警根瘤蚜前中期的防治关键是控制其种群数量。第4代成熟虫瘿中出瘿蚜虫有6种虫态,分别为雌性蚜、雄性蚜、无翅雌蚜1龄若虫、短翅雌蚜成虫、无翅雌蚜成虫和长翅雌蚜成虫,各虫态占出瘿蚜虫总量比例依次为68%、19%、5%、5%、2%、1%,由于无翅雌蚜成虫与长翅雌蚜成虫的比例较小,推测下一代虫瘿种群数量将会下降。
Abstract
Galls of Phylloxera notabilis was found on the leaves of Caraya illinoensis. Under natural conditions, development process and changing characters of of Phylloxera notabilis’s galls were analyzed.The results showed that galls was oval as a general rule, their length>width>height. The galls grew rapidly in the early days and interim. There was a very high growth correlation between the galls and leaves. In the later stage, the growth of galls was slow,their length,width,height and volume were slightly reduced,and the change of length and width were linear. When the size of galls increasd slowly or even decreasd,the development of galls had no correlation with the growth of leaves.Therefore,the prevention against Ph.notabilis of premetaphase is the key to control its population. There are six types of aphid worming out from the mature gall, including female aphid, male aphid, one-instar larva of aplerism female aphid, the adult of short winds female aphid, the adult of aplerism female aphid and the adull of long winds female aphid and their proportion was 68%, 19%, 5%, 5%, 2%, 1% respectively.As the percentage of aplerism female aphid and long winds female aphid were low, the next generation of galls population will be reduced.
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 沈百炎. 警根瘤蚜的生物学特性和防治[J].江苏林业科技, 1991(1):27-30.Shen B Y.Biological characteristics and prevention of Phylloxera notabilis[J].Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology, 1991(1):27-30.
[2] Nyman T, Juikunen T R. Manipulation of the phenolic chemistry of willows by gall-inducing sawflies[J]. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences,2000,97(24):13184-13187.
[3] Stone G N,Sch?nrogge K. The adaptive significance of insect gall morphology[J]. Trends in Ecol Evol,2003,18(10):512-514.
[4] Petersen M K,Hunter M S.Ovipositional prefe-rence and larval-early adult performance of two generalist lace-wingpredators of aphids in pecans[J].Biological Control,2002,25:101-109.
[5] 巨云为,曹霞,叶健,等.薄壳山核桃虫害研究综述[J].中国森林病虫,2014,33(1):29-34.Ju Y W,Cao X,Ye J, et al.Research advances on pets attacking Carya illinoensis[J].Forest Pest and Disease,2014, 33(1):29-34.
[6] Shapiro-Ilan D I,Cottrell T E, Jackson M A, et al.Virulence of Hypocreales fungi to pecan aphids(Hemiptera:Aphididae)in the laboratory[J].Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,2008,99:312-317.
[7] 曹霞,叶健,叶兼菱,等.警根瘤蚜种群动态及其与温度的关系[J].中国森林病虫,2014,33(5):5-12.Cao X,Ye J,Ye J L,et al.Population dynamics of Phylloxera notabilis and its correlation with temperature[J]. Forest Pest and Disease, 2014,33(5):5-12.
[8] 周平,叶健,曹霞,等.美国薄壳山核桃警根瘤蚜的空间分布[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(2):120-123.Zhou P,Ye J,Cao X,et al.The spatial distribution of Phylloxera notabilis(Pergande)on Caraya illinoensis[J]. China Forestry Science and Technology, 2015,29(2):120-123.
[9] 邓晓韶,曾玲,陆永跃. 金脉刺桐叶片上刺桐姬小蜂虫瘿结构及变化规律[J]. 华南农业大学学报,2009,30(1):31 -33.Deng X S,Zeng L,Lu Y Y.Structure and dynamics of Quadrastichus erythrinae galls on Erythrinavariegata var. orientalis leaf[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2009,30(1):31 -33.
[10] Schultz B B. Insect herbivores as potential causes of mortality and adaptation in gallforming insects[J]. Oecologia,1992,90(2):297-299.
[11] 周志宏,李玛玲,陈国珍,等. 栓皮栎虫瘿的酚性成分及其生物活性[J]. 云南植物研究,2001,23(1):126-134.Zhou Z H,Li M L, Chen G Z,et al.Phenolic constituents of galls of Quercus variabilis and their activities[J].Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2001,23(1):126-134.
[12] Powell K S, Cooper P D, Forneck A.The biology,physiology and host-plant interactions of grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae[J].Advances in Insect Physiology,2013,45:159-218.
[13] Morris D C, Schwarz M P, Cooper S J B, et al. Phylogenetics of Australian Acacia thrips: the evolution of behaviour and ecology[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evol,2002, 25(2):278-292.
[14] Hawkins B A, Cornell H V, Hochberg M E. Predators, parasitoids and pathogens as mortality agents in phatophagous insect populations[J]. Ecology, 1997, 78(7): 2145-2152.
[15] 丁玉洲, 毕守东, 方国飞, 等. 栗瘿蜂虫瘿形成及发育与发生量关系研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(1): 108-110.Ding Y Z, Bi S D, Fang G F, et al.Relationship between occurrence of Dryocosmus kuriphilus and development of cecidum[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(1):108-110.
[16] 沈百炎,李彪,祁宁娜.长山核桃瘿瘤蚜的识别和防治[J].植物保护,1997,23(3):22-24.Shen B Y, Li B,Qi N N.Occurrence and control of gall aphid on Carya illinoensis(Wangenb)K.Koch[J].Plant Protection, 1997,23(3):22-24.
[17] 张建萍,邹圣冬,鲁素玲,等.枸杞瘤瘿螨的发生与危害[J].新疆农业科学, 2000, 4(S1):130-132.Zhang J P, Zou S D, Lu S L, et al. Occurence and harm of the gall mite infesting Lyceum barbarum L.[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2000, 4(S1): 130-132.
[18] 张颖,段立清,段文昌,等.枸杞瘿螨虫瘿发生与螨量关系的研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报, 2012, 33(5-6):84-86.Zhang Y, Duan L Q, Duan W C, et al. Study on the relationship between Aceria palida Keifer gall and its population[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2012, 33(5-6):84-86.
基金
收稿日期:2015-01-30 修回日期:2015-05-30 Symbol`@@ 基金项目:国家林业局“948”项目(2015-4-01); 国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201204501); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD) 第一作者:周平,硕士生。*通信作者:巨云为,副教授。E-mail: jyw6808@njfu.edu.cn。引文格式:周平,叶健,窦全琴,等. 薄壳山核桃警根瘤蚜的虫瘿发育过程分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(4):26-30.
PDF(2403862 KB)
