以重庆市荣昌区退耕还林区麻竹林下竹荪为对象,进行了仿野生种植关键技术研究。笔者分别测定了竹荪的发菇时间、鲜/干质量、菌柄长度与发菇期的温度,探讨了不同栽培处理方式对竹荪产量的影响,并对仿野生竹荪的品质及其效益进行了分析。结果表明:① 竹荪产量随着时间推移呈一定的波峰分布,林内气温超过35 ℃时竹荪生长明显受到抑制。② 对麻竹林下竹荪仿野生栽培的关键技术要素进行了优化配置,以基质用法的影响最大且极显著,菌种用量的影响次之,郁闭度影响最小,且后两者差异不显著。③ 兴农D89为在重庆荣昌地区麻竹林下种植竹荪的最优菌种,其最佳种植模式为:3月初,菌种用量5×103 kg/hm2,以不同基质分层施放,即下层竹叶6.67×104 kg/hm2,上层竹屑8.33×104 kg/hm2,林分郁闭度控制在0.6。此条件下,鲜竹荪产量和净收入分别可达到1.536 0×104 kg/hm2和2.418 9×105元/hm2。
Abstract
An imitation wild cultivation technique for Dictyophora indusiata has been studied in Dendrocalamus latiflorus stands in Rongchang District of Chongqing City, to promote the economy of regional forests in Chongqing, and to make sure that the project of returning farmland to forest does not rebound. The germination time, fresh weight, dry weight, and stem length of D. indusiata, and air temperature of the germination period were measured respectively. The effects of different cultivation patterns on yield and quality of the wild cultivated D.indusiata and its economic benefit were analyzed. The results showed that: ① The yield of D. indusiata had a double peak along with the growth time and temperature inside the forest was more than 35 ℃, the growth of D. indusiata was restrained. ② The optimized configuration of the key cultivation technique has been carried. The results showed that the matrix usage was the first factor affecting extremely yield of D. indusiata. The second factor was the amount of strain, and the third was forest canopy density. But the latter two factors were not significant.③ D89 was the optimal strain in D. latiflorus stands in Rongchang District of Chongqing City. The best model was that in the early march, the bacteria amount was controlled in about 5 000 kg/hm2. The different substrates was layered in different position of D. latiflorus stands. The lower layer of bamboo branches and leaves was 66 700 kg/hm2, and the upper layer of bamboo chips was 83 300 kg/hm2. Forest canopy density was controlled in 0.6. The fresh output and the net income could respectively reach 15 360 kg/hm2 and 241 890 yuan/hm2.
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] 卢鹏,张玮,陆爱云,等.竹荪菌栽培研究进展[J]. 世界竹藤通讯, 2014, 12(4): 39-42. Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0431.2014.04.011.
Lu P, Zhang W, Lu A Y, et al. Research progress of cultivation in Dictyophora indusists[J]. World Bamboo and Rattan,2014,12(4): 39-42.
[2] 袁德培.竹荪的研究进展[J].湖北民族学院学报(医学版), 2006, 23(4): 39-41. Doi: 1008-8164(2006)04-0039-02.
Yuan D P. The research progress of Dictyophora indusiata [J].Journal of Hubei Institute for Nationalities(Medical Edition),2006,23(4): 39-41.
[3] 魏秀俭.竹荪及其营养保健价值[J]. 中国食物与营养,2005(4): 55-56. Doi:10.3969/j.issn:1006-9577.2005.04.018.
Wei X J. The nutrition and health care value of Dictyophora indusiata [J].Food and Nutrition in China,2005,11(4):55-56.
[4] 薛琎.竹荪菌丝对不同基质适应性试验[J]. 食用菌, 1995,17(5): 27-28.
Xue J. The adaptability experiment of different substrate of Dictyophora indusiata hyphae[J]. Edible Fungi,1995,17(5): 27-28.
[5] 郭渝南,刘晓玲,范娟. 竹荪的营养与药用功效[J]. 食用菌, 2004, 26(4): 44-45. Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8357.2004.04.040.
Guo Y N, Liu X L, Fan J. The nutritional and medicinal efficacy of Dictyophora indusiata [J].Edible Fungi,2004,26(4):44-45.
[6] 郑杨,邹青青,张岱,等. 竹荪的化学成分及生理活性研究进展[J]. 食品科学技术学报, 2013, 31(3): 39-45.
Zheng Y, Zhou Q Q, Zhang D, et al. Research progress on chemical composition and biological activities of Dictyophora indusiata[J]. Journal of Food Science and Technology,2013,31(3):39-45.
[7] 于基成,刘秋,孙雅静,等. 火焰原子吸收法测定竹荪中的微量元素[J]. 广东微量元素科学, 2006, 13(10): 43-46.
Yu J C,Liu Q, Sun Y J, et al. Determination of trace elements in Dictyophora indusiata by FAAS[J].Guangdong Trace Elements Science,2006,13(10):43-46.
[8] Ukais, Hara C,Kiho T,et al. Polysaccharides in Fungiv. isolation an characteriaztion of a mannose from aqueous ethanol extract to Dictyophora indusiaia[J].Chern Pharm Bull,1980,28(9):2647-2652.
[9] 周崇莲,曾德容.棘托竹荪氨基酸含量的分析[J]. 食用菌, 1991, 13(5): 8-9.
Zhou C L, Zeng D R. The amino acid content analysis of D.echinovolvata[J].Edible Fungi,1991,13(5):8-9.
[10] 陈连庆.短裙竹荪室内栽培试验[J]. 林业实用技术, 1985(5): 27-32.
Chen L Q. The indoor cultivation of short skirt Dictyophora indusists [J]. Journal of Forestry and Practical Technology,1985(5): 27-32.
[11] 陈连庆.竹荪室外生料畦栽试验[J]. 林业实用技术, 1986(1): 31-32.
Chen L Q. The outdoor cultivation of Dictyophora indusists[J]. Journal of Forestry and Practical Technology, 1986(1): 31-32.
[12] HalL I R, Yun W, Amicucci A. Cultivation of edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms[J].Trends Biotechnology,2003,21(10):433-438. Doi:10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00204-X.
[13] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 836—2004 竹荪[S]. 北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[14] 张向辉,彭心赋,左伟东,等.我国白蚁生物防治研究进展[J].中华卫生杀虫药械,2008,14(4):64-66.
Zhang X H, Peng X F,Zuo W D,et al. The biological research progress of Termite's prevention and control in China[J].Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides & Equipments,2008, 14(4):297-298.
[15] 吴建忠.竹荪高产高效栽培技术[J].浙江农业科学,2007(2): 235-236. Doi:10.16178/j.issn:0528-9017.2007.02.047.
Wu J Z. High-yield cultivation techniques of Dictyophora indusiata[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2007(2): 235-236.
[16] 张金学,陈应龙,邬成竹.竹荪人工栽培技术[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(17):164-165.
Zhang J X, Chen Y L, Wu C Z, et al. Artificial cultivation techniques of Dictyophora indusiata[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,14(17):164-165.
[17] 高允旺.竹荪高产栽培新技术[J].食用菌,2004,26(3): 37-38.
Gao Y W. New high-yield cultivation techniques of Dictyophora indusiata[J].Edible Fungi,2004,26(3): 37-38.
[18] 周日有,周日法,周天亮,板栗林套种竹荪研究[J].浙江林业科技,2003,23(5):14-17.
Zhou R Y, Zhou R F, Zhou T L, et al. Experiment on interplanting Dictyophora indusiata in Castanea mollissima stand[J].Journal of Zhejiang for Science and Technology,2003,23(5):14-17.
[19] 阮瑞国,丁李春.葡萄园竹荪生态系统栽培技术研究[J].闽东农业科技,2008(2): 9-11.
Ruan R G, Ding L C. Research on ecosystem cultivation of Dictyophora indusiata in vineyard[J].Journal of Eastern Fujian for Agricultural Science and Technology,2008(2): 9-1.
[20] 陈昌宇.玉米间作竹荪立体种植模式研究[D]. 成都:四川农业大学,2007:20-21.
Chen C Y. Study of planting patterns on maize intercropping with Dictyophora indusiata[D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University,2007:20-21.
[21] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 5009.4—2010食品安全国家标准.食品中蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[22] 中华人民共和国卫生部.GB 5009.4—2010食品安全国家标准.食品中灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[23] 中华人民共和国卫生部.NY/T 1278—2007蔬菜及其制品中可溶性糖的测定.铜还原碘量法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
基金
收稿日期:2015-05-07 修回日期:2016-04-01
基金项目:国家林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201204711)
第一作者:卢鹏(saber666@qq.com)。*通信作者:谢锦忠(jzhxie@163.net),副研究员,博士。
引文格式:卢鹏,谢锦忠,童龙,等. 麻竹林下竹荪仿野生种植关键技术研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,40(4):177-182.
PDF(1546881 KB)
