【目的】探究环境资源异质性对竹子无性繁殖特性的生态影响,了解竹子在自然生境中复杂生态行为的形成机制。【方法】设置竹苗密度、光照、施肥、水分等几种关键生态因子的不同处理,比较不同处理条件下美丽箬竹(Indocalamus decorus Q.H.Dai)盆栽苗地下茎侧芽萌发及生物量分配差异,分析美丽箬竹对各生态因子的生理生态响应情况。【结果】竹苗密度适宜,有利于地下茎侧芽萌发,随着竹苗密度增大,美丽箬竹总生物量有逐渐减小趋势; 自然光照条件下地下茎侧芽萌发数量最多,遮阴程度越大,侧芽萌发数量越少,其总生物量及各部分生物量总体随遮阴程度加大而逐渐减小; 施肥有利于促进地下茎侧芽萌发,且适量施肥的促进作用比较明显,竹苗生物量则以基质与有机肥质量比8:1的处理为最高; 隔3 d定量浇水1次或隔9 d浇水1次均不利于地下茎侧芽萌发,各处理下总生物量相互间差异不明显。各处理竹苗发笋、发鞭数量与生物量分配有一定的相关性。【结论】采用自然光照、竹苗密度6株/盆、基质与有机肥质量比8:1、隔6 d定量浇水1次时,2年生竹苗地下茎侧芽的萌发效果好; 经不同生态因子处理,美丽箬竹生物量表现出不同植物资源分配策略,即合理的密度处理下美丽箬竹竹根生物量分配最多,适宜的光照处理下竹叶生物量分配最多,适量的施肥处理下竹鞭生物量分配最多,适量的水分处理下竹根生物量分配最多。这一结果在一定程度上支持了植物资源最优分配假说。
Abstract
【Objective】This study explored the ecological effects of heterogeneous environmental resources on bamboo asexual reproduction. The primary aim was to understand the complex ecology of bamboo in natural habitats. 【Method】Different treatments of plantlet density, light availability, fertilization and watering regime were evaluated. Germination quantity of rhizome lateral buds, and biomass allocation of Indocalamus decorus D.H.Dai pot seedlings were evaluated under the different treatments. The physio-ecological responses of I. decorus to ecological factors were analyzed. 【Result】Suitable bamboo seedling densities promoted lateral bud germination, and total biomass decreased with increasing seedling density. Lateral bud germination was the highest under full sun, decreasing as the amount of shading increased. The total and individual component biomasses decreased with increased shading. Fertilizer promoted lateral bud germination, with a moderate amount of fertilizer having a more noticeable effect than other amounts. The total and individual biomasses were the highest in treatments with a soil to fertilizer ratio of 8:1(w/w). Watering every three or nine days was not conducive to lateral bud germination, and there was no significant difference between total biomass of each treatment. There were complex correlations between bamboo plantlet shoot and rhizome quantity and biomass allocation for each treatment. 【Conclusion】Optimal lateral bud germination characteristics were achieved with full sun, a density of six seedlings per pot, a soil to fertilizer ratio of 8:1(w/w), and watering every six days. The Indocalamus decorus seedlings exhibited different resource allocation strategies depending on the treatment. Root biomass was the highest in the density and watering experiments; leaf biomass was the highest in the light experiment; and rhizome biomass was the highest in the fertilization experiment. These results of this study support the optimal allocation hypothesis of plant resources.
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基金
基金项目:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2014QA038); 浙江省科技计划项目(2014F10047,2015F50053)
第一作者:高贵宾(anshu998@163.com),助理研究员。*通信作者:吴志庄(wzzcaf@126.com ),副研究员,博士。
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