Abstract: 【Objective】In recent years, with numbers of new fig(Ficus caria Linn.)cultivars have been introduced in China, it is necessary to classify and identify fig cultivars from the DNA molecular level. 【Method】We analyzed the genetic diversity and constructed DNA fingerprint of 30 fig cultivars by simple sequence repeat(SSR)molecular marker technology, which provided the scientific basis for the classification and identification of fig cultivars.【Results】The 24 fragments were generated from 7 pairs of SSR primers. The average of N_a, N_e, and Shannon information index(I)were 3.43, 3.025 6, and 1.126 6, respectively. The polymorphic information content(PIC)values ranged from 0.682 8 to 0.892 5, with a mean of 0.816 4. The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.291 7 to 1.000 0, and the average similarity coefficient was 0.629 4, indicating differences between the 30 fig cultivars. And thirty fig cultivars were divided into four categories when the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.59.【Conclusion】This fingerprinting experiment based on the SSR molecular markers distinguished similar cultivars and provided scientific basis for breeding and identification of new fig cultivars.