【目的】 为了获得虫龄整齐、生理状态一致的幼虫及虫体内无松材线虫的成虫,开展了松墨天牛的室内人工饲育技术研究。【方法】 利用自行配制的人工饲料3种配方:A(松树木屑100 g+琼脂40 g+蔗糖20 g+酵母粉12.5 g+安息香酸钠2 g+山梨酸钾1 g+0.5 mol/L H2SO4 10 mL+水800 mL)+B(松树木屑100 g+琼脂40 g+蔗糖20 g+酵母粉12.5 g+安息香酸钠2 g+山梨酸钾1 g+0.5 mol/L H2SO4 10 mL+胆固醇1.5 g+抗坏血酸4 g+酪蛋白20 g+氯化胆碱1 g+水800 mL)+C(松树木屑100 g+琼脂40 g+蔗糖20 g+酵母粉12.5 g+安息香酸钠2 g+山梨酸钾1 g+0.5 mol/L H2SO4 10 mL+麦胚粉25 g+胆固醇1.5 g+抗坏血酸4 g+酪蛋白20 g+氯化胆碱1 g+水800 mL),比较了人工饲料配方对松墨天牛发育历期及生活力的影响。【结果】A、B、C 3种人工饲料饲养的松墨天牛幼虫均可正常生长发育。发现取食配方A的幼虫发育历期平均为(90.6±9.3)d,蛹期为(11.9±1.3)d,化蛹率为6.4%,羽化率为66.7%。化蛹7 d后,雌、雄蛹质量分别为(0.37±0.03)g和(0.30±0.04)g; 羽化7 d后,雌、雄成虫体质量分别为(0.27±0.03)g和(0.21±0.02)g,取食配方B的幼虫发育历期平均为(71.9±4.0)d,蛹期为(12.8±0.7)d,化蛹率为18%,羽化率为75.8%。化蛹7 d后,雌、雄蛹质量分别为(0.33±0.02)g和(0.27±0.03)g; 羽化7 d后,雌、雄成虫体质量分别为(0.29±0.02)g和(0.22±0.03)g,取食配方C的幼虫的发育历期平均为(71.3±2.0)d,蛹期为(11.1±0.3)d,化蛹率为58.3%,羽化率为88.1%。化蛹7 d后,雌、雄蛹质量分别为(0.63±0.03)g和(0.49±0.03)g; 羽化7 d后,雌、雄成虫体质量分别为(0.53±0.03)g和(0.43±0.03)g。【结论】 以取食配方C饲养的天牛幼虫,其发育的各项指标均明显优于以取食配方A和B饲养的天牛。
Abstract
【Objetcive】 In order to acquire large number of even-aged and consistent physiological status larvae to provide enough insects for involved research, mass rearing techniques of Monochamus alternatus were carried out on artificial diets in the laboratory. 【Method】 Developmental time and activities at different stages were compared among A, B, C three kinds of artificial diets. A(pine sawdust 100 g, agar 40 g, sucrose 20 g, yeast extract 12.5 g, sodium benzoate 2 g, potassium sorbate 1 g, 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 10 mL, H20 800 mL), B(pine sawdust 100 g, agar 40 g, sucrose 20 g, yeast extract 12.5 g, sodium benzoate 2 g, potassium sorbate 1 g, 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 10 mL, cholesterol 1.5 g, ascorbic acid 4 g, casein 20 g, choline chloride 1 g, H20 800 mL), C(pine sawdust 100 g, agar 40 g, sucrose 20 g, yeast extract 12.5 g, sodium benzoate 2 g, potassium sorbate 1 g, 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 10 mL, wheat germ powder 25 g, cholesterol 1.5 g, ascorbic acid 4 g, casein 20 g, choline chloride 1 g, H20 800 mL). 【Result】 When provided with diet A, larval and pupal periods were(90.6±9.3)d and(11.9±1.3)d respectively, pupation rate was 6.4% and emergence rate was 66.7%. Pupal weights were(0.37±0.03)g for females and(0.30±0.04)g for males, and adult weights were(0.27±0.03)g for females and(0.21±0.02)g for males after 7 days emergence. When provided with diet B, larval and pupal periods were(71.9±4.0)d and(12.8±0.7)d respectively, pupation rate was 18% and emergence rate was 75.8%. Pupal weights were(0.33±0.02)g for females and(0.27±0.03)g for males, and adult weights were(0.29±0.02)g for females and(0.22±0.03)g for males after 7 days emergence. When provided with diet C, larval and pupal periods were(71.25±2.01)d and(11.12±0.34)d respectively, pupation rate was 58.33% and emergence rate was 88.10%. Pupal weights were(0.63±0.03)g for females and(0.49±0.03)g for males, and adult weights were(0.53±0.03)g for females and(0.43±0.03)g for males after 7 days emergence. The results showed that diet C was confirmed to be the optimal diet according to comparison of developmental time and activities among different modified diets. 【Conclusion】 It is suggested that diet C is superior to diet A and B, and can be a standard diet to laboratory population for further research work.
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基金
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(31170606,31470650); 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD); 江苏省大学生创新训练计划项目(201510298056Z)
第一作者:陈瑞旭(CRX0609@sina.com),博士生,主要负责实验设计、数据处理及整体写作; 王露洁(1564809621@qq.com),主要负责饲料配制及更换。*通信作者:郝德君(dejunhao@163.com),教授。
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