柠条种子丸粒化配方的筛选

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201808023

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 9-15.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201808023

柠条种子丸粒化配方的筛选

杨丽芳¹(), 高捍东¹^,^*(), 顾美影², 杜海波², 刘晓慧², 苏琳²

1.南京林业大学,国家林业和草原局南方林木种子检验中心,江苏南京 210037
2.白城市林业科学研究院,吉林白城 137000

收稿日期:2018-08-10 修回日期:2019-04-09 出版日期:2019-10-08 发布日期:2019-10-08
通讯作者: 高捍东
基金资助:
国家林业局“948”项目(2008-4-22)

Screening of pellet formulas for Caragana korshinskii Kom. seeds

YANG Lifang¹(), GAO Handong¹^,^*(), GU Meiying², DU Haibo², LIU Xiaohui², SU Lin²

1. Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Baicheng City Forestry Research Institute of Jilin Province, Baicheng 137000, China

Received:2018-08-10 Revised:2019-04-09 Online:2019-10-08 Published:2019-10-08
Contact: GAO Handong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】比较几种较优的柠条种子丸粒化配方,提高播种精准度、种子出苗率并促进幼苗生长,解决干旱半干旱地区困难立地的造林问题,为林草种子丸粒化研究和应用提供理论依据。【方法】以柠条种子(内蒙古自治区林业和草原局提供)作为对象,采用不同黏着剂、填充料及保水剂(质量分数分别为0、3%、5%、7%)组成不同配方进行丸粒化处理。其中,黏着剂:羧甲基纤维素钠A(A1. 0.75%;A2. 1.0%;A3. 1.25%;A4. 1.5%),聚乙烯醇B(B1. 2%;B2. 4%;B3. 6%;B4. 8%)。填充料:C1[黏土20%(体积分数,后同)+滑石粉40%+高岭土40%],C2(黏土40%+滑石粉30%+高岭土30%),C3(黏土60%+滑石粉20%+高岭土20%),C4(黏土80%+滑石粉10%+高岭土10%),D1(黏土40%+滑石粉60%),D2(黏土60%+滑石粉40%),D3(黏土80%+滑石粉20%),D4(黏土100%)。从丸粒质量、裂解率、保水力、丸粒种子活性及丸粒种子萌发幼苗的生长状态等方面来评价丸粒化配方效果,进而筛选出柠条种子的最优丸粒化配方。【结果】经过初步筛选,得出A3C3(发芽率88.7%,活力指数33.8,鲜质量7.2 g)、B1C4(发芽率86.7%,发芽指数20.1,活力指数32.3,鲜质量10.9 g)、A2D3(发芽率89.0%,发芽指数19.7,活力指数29.4,鲜质量10.5 g)和B1D1(活力指数28.9,鲜质量9.8 g)为优良丸粒化配方;在初选的基础上添加保水剂后,得出最优丸粒化配方为M4(A3C3+7%保水剂),其平均发芽率91.0%,平均发芽指数22.5,平均活力指数35.9,平均鲜质量4.9 g。其次为配方M7(B1C4+5%保水剂),其平均发芽率90.3%,平均发芽指数21.9,平均活力指数36.0,平均鲜质量4.8 g。第三为配方M11(A2D3+5%保水剂),其平均发芽率92.7%,平均发芽指数22.7,平均活力指数37.4,平均鲜质量4.8 g。【结论】根据发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗鲜质量以及保水力的测定,结合丸粒化种子外观形态及裂解率,筛选出了最优丸粒化配方,提高了柠条种子播种精准度、出苗率,并促进了幼苗的生长。

关键词: 柠条, 种子, 丸粒化配方, 发芽率, 裂解率, 保水力

Abstract:

【Objective】 Several superior pellet formulas for Caragana korshinskii Kom. seeds were compared and screened with the aim of improving precision seeding, field germination rate and seedling growth. The aim of this study was to promote afforestation on difficult lands in arid and semiarid regions and to provide a theoretical basis for the research and application of forestation and weed seed pelleting.【Method】 Combinations of different adhesives, fillers and superabsorbent polymers (SAPs, mass ratio is 0,3%,5%,7%) were applied to pellet C. korshinskii Kom. seeds (Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region). Adhesives included sodium carboxymethyl cellulose A (A1: 0.75%; A2: 1.0%; A3: 1.25%; and A4: 1.5%) and polyvinyl alcohol B (B1: 2%; B2: 4%; B3: 6%; B4: 8%). Fillers included C1 [20% (volume ratio, same below) clay + 40% talc + 40% kaolin], C2 (40% clay + 30% talc + 30% kaolin), C3 (60% clay + 20% talc + 20% kaolin), C4 (80% clay + 10% talc + 10% kaolin), D1 (40% clay + 60% talc), D2 (60% clay + 40% talc), D3 (80% clay + 20% talc) and D4 (100% clay). We evaluated the effects of the pellet formulas on the quality of pelleted seeds, splitting rate, water-holding capacity, seed activity, and growth of germinated pelleted seeds. Then, the optimum pellet formulas forC. korshinskii seeds were selected. 【Result】 The optimum pellet formulas following the primary screening were A3C3 (germination percentage: 88.7%; vigor index: 33.8; and fresh weight: 7.2 g), B1C4 (germination percentage: 86.7%; germination index: 20.1; vigor index: 32.3; and fresh weight: 10.9 g), A2D3 (germination percentage: 89.0%; germination index: 19.7; vigor index: 29.4; and fresh weight: 10.5 g), and B1D1 (vigor index: 28.9 and fresh weight: 9.8 g). After adding SAP based on the primary screening, the optimum pellet formulas were M4 (A3C3 + 7% SAP) with an average germination percentage of 91.0%, germination index of 22.5, vigor index of 35.9, and fresh weight of 4.9 g; M7 (B1C4 + 5% SAP) with an average germination percentage of 90.3%, germination index of 21.9, vigor index of 36.0, and fresh weight of 4.8 g; and M11 (A2D3 + 5% SAP) with an average germination percentage of 92.7%, germination index of 22.7, vigor index of 37.4, and fresh weight of 4.8 g. 【Conclusion】 Based on the germination percentage, germination index, vigor index, fresh weight, and water-holding capacity as well as pellet appearance and splitting rate, the optimum pellet formulas were selected to improve the precision seeding, field germination rate, and seedling growth ofC. korshinskii Kom. seeds.

Key words: Caragana korshinskii Kom., seed, pelleting formulation, germination percentage, splitting rate, water holding capacity

中图分类号:

S722.1⁺4

杨丽芳,高捍东,顾美影,等. 柠条种子丸粒化配方的筛选[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(5): 9-15.

YANG Lifang, GAO Handong, GU Meiying, DU Haibo, LIU Xiaohui, SU Lin. Screening of pellet formulas for Caragana korshinskii Kom. seeds[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 43(5): 9-15.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201808023.

图/表 3

表1

表2

不同丸粒化配方对柠条种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗鲜质量的影响"

配方处理 pelleting treatment	发芽率/% germination percentage	发芽指数 germination index	活力指数 vigor index	幼苗鲜质量/g fresh weight of seedling	配方处理 pelleting treatment	发芽率/% germination percentage	发芽指数 germination index	活力指数 vigor index	幼苗鲜质量/g fresh weight of seedling
A1C1	84.7 abcd	19.1 bcd	31.1 abcde	6.7 abc	B1C1	78.3 bc	17.3 c	29.1 e	10.5 ab
A1C2	87.7 ab	20.3 abc	34.0 ab	5.9 cd	B1C2	84.0 abc	19.1 bc	31.0 abc	10.9 ab
A1C3	82.7 bcd	17.8 de	30.9 abcde	6.6 abc	B1C3	80.7 abc	18.5 bc	28.6 abcde	10.2 b
A1C4	79.7 cd	17.6 de	30.2 bcde	5.7 d	B1C4	86.7 ab	20.1 ab	32.3 ab	10.9 ab
A2C1	86.7 abc	19.1 bcd	30.3 bcde	7.0 ab	B2C1	77.0 c	18.9 bc	29.7 abcde	10.1 b
A2C2	78.7 d	17.1 e	28.0 e	6.7 ab	B2C2	80.3 abc	19.4 bc	24.5 abcde	10.5 ab
A2C3	82.7 bcd	17.6 de	27.5 e	7.2 ab	B2C3	83.3 abc	19.6 bc	30.3 abcd	10.8 ab
A2C4	83.3 bcd	18.4 cde	28.9 de	6.3 bcd	B2C4	87.7 a	20.0 ab	25.8 cde	10.9 ab
A3C1	84.7 abcd	19.5 bcd	31.4 abcde	7.0 ab	B3C1	84.7 abc	19.6 ab	28.3 abcde	10.9 ab
A3C2	83.7 abcd	18.8 bcde	29.4 de	7.2 a	B3C2	80.7 abc	18.8 bc	25.2 de	10.8 ab
A3C3	88.7 ab	20.7 ab	33.8 abc	7.2 a	B3C3	85.3 abc	19.6 ab	29.8 abcde	10.7 ab
A3C4	82.0 bcd	18.7 bcde	29.4 de	6.5 abcd	B3C4	80.7 abc	18.3 bc	26.3 cde	10.7 ab
A4C1	83.3 bcd	19.2 bcd	30.7 abcde	7.3 a	B4C1	79.0 bc	19.1 bc	27.5 bcde	10.1 b
A4C2	88.3 ab	20.3 abc	34.8 a	6.5 abcd	B4C2	80.7 abc	18.0 bc	27.1 bcde	10.8 ab
A4C3	86.3 abcd	18.9 bcde	29.6 cde	6.8 ab	B4C3	82.0 abc	18.4 bc	27.5 bcde	10.3 ab
A4C4	84.7 abcd	19.4 bcd	31.1 abcde	6.3 bcd	B4C4	81.3 abc	18.5 bc	29.0 abcde	10.6 ab
CK	91.3 a	21.8 a	32.6 abcd	6.3 bcd	CK	88.3 a	21.6 a	33.8 a	11.1 a
A1D1	87.0 ab	19.0 abcd	30.8 a	10.4 ab	B1D1	87.7 a	18.9 abc	28.9 ab	9.8 a
A1D2	77.3 b	16.3 f	24.5 cde	10.0 abcde	B1D2	82.7 ab	17.3 bcd	23.9 bc	8.5 de
A1D3	81.0 ab	16.8 ef	27.6 abcd	9.9 abcde	B1D3	84.3 ab	17.9 bcd	24.4 bc	8.6 cde
A1D4	81.7 ab	16.7 ef	27.2 abcd	10.0 abcde	B1D4	89.0 a	18.8 abc	27.7 ab	9.2 abcd
A2D1	83.3 ab	18.4 abcdef	28.2 abcd	9.7 defg	B2D1	86.3 ab	20.6 a	30.4 a	9.2 abcd
A2D2	86.7 ab	18.6 abcde	27.7 abcd	9.4 efg	B2D2	85.0 ab	16.7 cde	23.8 bc	8.1 e
A2D3	89.0 a	19.7 ab	29.4 ab	10.5 a	B2D3	82.0 ab	16.6 cde	24.6 bc	8.7 bcde
A2D4	85.0 ab	17.4 cdef	26.1 bcde	9.4 efg	B2D4	81.7 ab	16.5 cde	24.7 bc	9.0 abcd
A3D1	83.0 ab	19.1 abc	28.6 abc	10.1 abcd	B3D1	81.3 ab	16.3 cde	25.2 abc	9.3 abcd
A3D2	82.0 ab	17.7 bcdef	25.4 bcde	10.4 abc	B3D2	81.3 ab	16.4 cde	25.9 abc	9.4 abc
A3D3	80.7 ab	16.9 def	23.9 de	9.8 bcdef	B3D3	81.3 ab	18.5 abc	28.8 ab	9.4 abc
A3D4	82.0 ab	17.1 cdef	23.9 de	9.8 cdef	B3D4	84.0 ab	17.3 bcd	25.8 abc	9.6 ab
A4D1	88.0 a	18.3 abcdef	25.5 bcde	9.5 defg	B4D1	73.3 c	14.4 e	21.7 d	9.6 ab
A4D2	87.0 ab	17.5 cdef	24.3 de	9.2 fg	B4D2	79.0 bc	15.4 de	23.8 bc	9.7 a
A4D3	78.7 ab	16.4 ef	22.8 e	9.1 g	B4D3	86.7 ab	18.1 abcd	27.9 ab	9.7 a
A4D4	81.3 ab	16.8 ef	24.0 de	9.7 cdef	B4D4	89.0 a	18.6 abc	28.1 ab	9.6 ab
CK	88.0 a	20.0 a	30.6 a	9.9 abcde	CK	88.0 a	20.0 ab	30.3 a	9.9 a

表2

表3

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配方处理 pelleting treatment	平均发芽率/% average germination rate	平均发芽指数 average germination index	平均活力指数 average vitality index	平均鲜质量/g average fresh weight
M1(A3C3+0%SAP)	90.3 ab	22.4 a	37.2 a	4.8 a
M2(A3C3+3%SAP)	87.0 abc	22.0 ab	35.0 a	4.8 ab
M3(A3C3+5%SAP)	84.3 bcd	20.2 b	30.3 bc	4.8 ab
M4(A3C3+7%SAP)	91.0 a	22.5 a	35.9 a	4.9 a
M5(B1C4+0%SAP)	84.0 cd	20.8 ab	30.6 bc	4.6 abc
M6(B1C4+3%SAP)	83.0 cd	20.6 ab	30.2 bc	4.3 cde
M7(B1C4+5%SAP)	90.3 ab	21.9 ab	36.0 a	4.8 ab
M8(B1C4+7%SAP)	79.0 d	16.7 c	25.3 d	4.4 ab
M9(A2D3+0%SAP)	90.3 ab	22.0 ab	35.8 a	4.8 a
M10(A2D3+3%SAP)	90.3 ab	21.4 ab	33.6 ab	4.8 ab
M11(A2D3+5%SAP)	92.7 a	22.7 a	37.4 a	4.8 ab
M12(A2D3+7%SAP)	79.3 d	17.9 c	27.6 cd	3.9 e
M13(B1D1+0%SAP)	87.0 abc	21.4 ab	36.1 a	4.8 a
M14(B1D1+3%SAP)	90.3 ab	22.3 ab	35.6 a	4.8 a
M15(B1D1+5%SAP)	88.7 abc	21.8 ab	34.5 ab	4.5 abc
M16(B1D1+7%SAP)	87.7 abc	21.9 ab	35.2 a	4.6 abc
CK	91.3 a	22.7 a	35.4 a	4.1 de

柠条种子丸粒化配方的筛选

Screening of pellet formulas for Caragana korshinskii Kom. seeds

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填充料编号 filling No.	黏土 clay	滑石粉 talc	高岭土 kaolin	填充料编号 filling No.	黏土 clay	滑石粉 talc
C1	20	40	40	D1	40	60
C2	40	30	30	D2	60	40
C3	60	20	20	D3	80	20
C4	80	10	10	D4	100	0

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填充料编号 filling No.	黏土 clay	滑石粉 talc	高岭土 kaolin	填充料编号 filling No.	黏土 clay	滑石粉 talc
C1	20	40	40	D1	40	60
C2	40	30	30	D2	60	40
C3	60	20	20	D3	80	20
C4	80	10	10	D4	100	0

填充料编号 filling No.	黏土 clay	滑石粉 talc	高岭土 kaolin	填充料编号 filling No.	黏土 clay	滑石粉 talc
C1	20	40	40	D1	40	60
C2	40	30	30	D2	60	40
C3	60	20	20	D3	80	20
C4	80	10	10	D4	100	0