Abstract: Since 1974, culm brown rot of Phyllostachys viridis has been found in Nanjing, Li Yang County of Jiangsu Province and De Qing County of Zhejiang Province. In the field the disease infects Ph. viridis (Young) Mccl. and Ph. viridisf. houzeauana (McCl.) C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao only. Violet-brown to black-brown streaks occur at the bottom of the infected culms and gradually gird them, causing death of the host finally. After a series of isolations and inoculations, the pathogen of the disease has been identified as Fusarjum solani (Mart.) Sacc. In artificial inoculation the fungus can be made invaded through wounds. At the daily mean temperature of 22 -25℃ the incubation period takes 15-20 days. The optimum temperature for fungus growth aud spore germination is 25-28℃. IT grows normally with a pH randging from 4.5 to 10.0. By artificial inoculation, infection spread to Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex H. de Lehaie, Ph. bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc., Ph. glauce Mccl. , Ph. praecox C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao, Ph. heteroclada Oliv., Ph. nuda Mccl., Ph. iridencens C. Y. Yao et C. Y. Chen, Ph. angusta Mccl., Ph. decora Mccl., Ph. nigra (Lodd.) Munro, Ph. nigra var. henonis Stapf ex Rendle and Brachystachyum densiflorura (Rendle) Keng.