Abstract: The anthracnose of the Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) was found, for the first time in Jiangxi Province of China in 1973, and has been prevelent in the hilly country regions, causing severe damages to young plantations. The disease breaks out in spring and attacks the needles nearby the top of the shoots grown up in the last year. Subsequently, the causal organism invades into the shoots through infected needles and may cause the death of the shoots. On older branches, the disease only causes necrosis of the upper part of the needles. A species of Colletotrichum has been isolated from the infected needles and shoots. Inoculation and reisolation experiments showed that this fungus was the pathogen of the Chinese fir anthracnose. There often appeared on the needles killed by the anthracnose some fruiting bodies of a species of Pestalotia, which by experiments proves to be a secondary colonizor or a saprophyte. Needles with chlorosis due to abnormal physiological factors subject to infection of this disease more readily.