<正>现代生态系统是以人类为中心的自然生态系统和社会系统的综合系统。从热力学的观点看,生态系统中生物与环境的物、能交换必然引起系统熵的变化。本文试从非平衡热力学原理的角度讨论生态系统与熵的关系,根据熵的变化来判别系统不可逆过程的方向,解释生态系统中的生物包括人类在内生存、发展的客观规律,并进一步阐明生态系统的有序结构,评价现代生态系统的经济效益。

The moderm ecosystem which centres on mankind and biology is a comprehensive combination of natural ecosystem and social system. It is a system of live motion which results from the exchange of matter and energy between the system and its surroundings. The second law of the thermodynamics studies essentially the exchange of matter and energy between the system and its surroundings; this exchange is the ultimate motion in the ecosystem. Thus in the view of the thermodynamics the exchange of matter and energy between ecosystem and its surroundings will inevitably cause entropy changes of the ecosystem. The author tries in this paper to discuss the relation between entropy and ecosystem from the viewpoint of the theory of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and decide the direction of the irriversible process by entropy changes, expounding the objective law of the existance, development and death of living beings in the ecosystem