Abstract: Bamboos are a natural group of the grass family and widely distributed in Asia, America and Africa including Madagascar. There is a great diversity of bamboos in Asia especially in China whether genera or species. It is believed that the first Chinese bamboo named by K. L. Willdenow in 1808 was Ludolfia glaucescens=Bambusa glaucescens (Willd. ) Sieb. ex Munro. From 1808 to 1975, 25 genera and 210 species, varieties, forms of Chinese bamboos were named or recorded. Since 1970’s, a lot of bamboo collections have been collected from all parts of China and 170 papers about bamboo classification have been published by Chinese botanists. 23 genera (including 2 exotic genera) and 534 species, varieties, forms have been named as new. Some of them are very good genera and species, e. g. Acidosasa C. D. Chu &. C. S. Chao, Monocladus Chia & al. , Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia & J. L. Sun, Phyllostachys praecox C. D. Chu & C. S. Chao, Chimonobambusa tumidinoda (Hsueh & Yi) Wen etc. These new species are very important for industry, bamboo shoots and bamboo artifacts. It must say that the bamboo classification in China has made considerable headway. But the authors of this paper have to point out the existing problems in bamboo classification in China. A natural group of Chinese bamboos was divided into two or several genera. These genera lead to more confusion in bamboo classification and have subsequently been reduced to synonym by the other botanists at home and abroad, i. e. Sinocalamus, Neosinocalamus, =Dendrocalamus; Dendrocalamopsis=Bambusa; Oligostachyum, Bashania, Clavin-odum and Polyanthus=Arundinaria; Himalayacalamus=Thamnocalamus; Qiongzhuea, Menstruocalamus=Chi-monobambusa; Ampelocalamus, Chimonocalamus, Drepanostochyum, Butania, and Burmabambus=Sinarundinaria.