Abstract: Poplars are one of the most important deciduous trees in the plain of the world. They have a number of characteristics that make them well suited as a model system for the application of forest genetic engineering. The aim of poplar genetic engineering is to integrate spacitial gene into poplars’ genome to improve directionally their traits and develop new cultivars. Recently, much progress has been made in poplars genetic engineering which covers some gene cloning, gene expression and gene transfer fields. The objective of this paper is to review the new advances in the fields and evaluate the potential integrated forest gene engineering into poplars improvement.