Abstract: The result of the investigation of Mao bamboo forest on 32 typical plots distributed in Fujian implicated that the genesis of dieback blight of phyllostachys pubescens might have been influenced by losing soil fertility, deteriorating soil physical and chemical properties in extensive management of bamboo land before. According to the results of simple correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, the genesis severity of Mao bamboo dieback blight had a highly significant negative correlation to the amount of total N and available P,a significant positive correlation to the available fe, and a significant negative correlation to the mutual effect of available K and B in the soils. In addition, the results also indicated the disease incidence was increased along with higher consistency and lower humidity of the soils as well.