Abstract: Based on RS , GIS and GPS as well as related courses, geo information science plays an important role in realizing rational utilization of resources, ecological environment protection and sustainable development of economy. Water amount is decreased gradually in Qiala, the lower reaches of Tarim River, which causes the reduction of groundwater table in the region. Meanwhile, vegetation degradation and wind sand frequentation as well as land desertification happen normally. With the support of 3S techniques and analyses of remote sensing information of 1959,1983,1992 and 1996, as a result, the changes of ecological environment have close relationship with natural and artificial factors. At present, the ecological environment has affected the accomplishment of sustainable development in Tarim River Basin.