Abstract: The genus Quercus L.is widespread in Asia,Europe,North America and Africa over the northern hemisphere.The genetic structure in different levels(section,species and within species),phylogeography and phylogeny were systematically studied with biochemical and DNA markers in Europe and North America.China is one of the distribution centers of the genus Quercus including about 60 species, and little research on genetics has been engaged.So population genetic structure,phylogeny,as well as collection,conservation and utilization of Quercus should be studied as early as possible.