Abstract: The differences of physical and chemical characteristics of gum turpentine group from Simao pine(P.inus kesiya var. langbianensis) in Yunnan were studied. They were relatively density, refractive index, boiling point, volume of distillation range, optical rotation and chemical compositions. The results showed that.. The variation of chemical compositions of gum turpentine from Simao pine were very significant among provenances. The resources of high content 3-carene from Simao pine was first discovered. The optical rotation was fingerprint earmark of provenances of Simao pine, which was first put forward. Gum turpentine from this pine may be classified into three sorts according to the composition from south to north. The quality of products of the first and second was superior to the technology required. in GB/T 12901～12902-91. But the refractive index of the third sorts was higher than the upper limit in GB/T 12901-91. The differences were very significant of four qualities index, the content of characteristic compositions among sorts. That α-piene of three sorts descending by order were 91. 08%, 70. 90%, 42. 55%, and β-piene increase by order were 2. 46%, 21. 94%, 36.68%, and 3-carene also increase by order were 0.62%, 2.79%, 11.51%. The content of monoterpenes from 98.74% to 99.79%,and sesquiterpenes from 0.21% to 1.29%. That β-phel]andrene and terpinolene of third sort higher than other two sorts.