Abstract: The surface treatment of bamboo timber was carried out by microwave plasma (MWP). The surface contact angle of samples was measured by using glycerin and UFR. Hence the influence on the surface performance of bamboo sample was evaluated. The results showed that the surface contact angle of samples became the decreasing trend as a whole with prolonging the MWP treat time and the distances shorting between the sample and resonance cavity. The surface contact angle of sample descend 49%～59% with MWP treating 30s, when the distances between the sample and resonance cavity were 40mm and measured at 15s after dripping with glycerin. The surface contact angle of samples was lower measured with the glycerin than that of UFR, also at 15s after dripping than that of 5s after dripping whether it was glycerin or UFR. The grinding treatment had a little effect on the surface contact angle of samples after MWP treatment. The modification effect was better treated by MWP treating after grinding than that of treating by MWP directly.