Abstract: Investigation on the occurrences of poplar canker disease in the first and second year was conducted in this study. Poplars were treated by soaking in water,dipping enroot powder and applying ectomycorrhizal fungi. The results showed that soaking in water could lessen the occurrence of poplar canker disease. By contrast,dipping enroot powder and ectomycorrhizal fungi could not lessen the occurrence of the poplar canker disease in the first year, but it could promote the survival rate of poplars. Applying ectomycorrhizal fungi could increase the breast diameter growth of seedling for the current year, and it could also reduce the occurrence of disease obviously in the next year. The Xerocomus chrysenteron had the best effect of promoting poplar’s growth ,and the difference of breast diameter growth among X. chrysenteron with other treatments reached significant level.