Abstract: Using the plotting method, 25 plots were established in the core area which is about 1 400 meters above sea level in Fengyangshan Nature Reserve. The population structure and distribution pattern of Rhododendron latoucheae were studied. The results showed that the distribution of the R.latoucheae population in every age class was very uneven, the proportion of the forthclass young tree was the largest, the thirdclass seedlings took second place. So the age structure of the population was growing. The distribution pattern of R.latoucheae population in the whole community was clumped. It was mainly related to the parental habits for seed distributing. The dynamic distribution pattern from seedlings to big trees were all clumped. The intensity of the population was reduced and the population had the trend of diffusion from seedlings to young trees. But from mediumsized trees to big trees, the intensity of the population increased and the population clumped. Overall, from seedlings to big trees, the population showed the trend of diffusion. It was related to their biological and ecological characteristics.