Abstract: Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, CAF, Fuyang 311400, ChinaThe surface runoff and sediment yield of six landuse types has been monitored consecutively for two years in Fuyang, Anji, Pingjiang and Muchuan, which include natural forest, coniferous forest, extensivelymanaged bamboo stand, intensivelymanaged bamboo stand, economic forest and farmland. The results showed as follows: (1)The surface runoff of different landuse/vegetation types showed significant differences. The surface runoff and the runoff coefficient of natural forests was the minimum, followed by coniferous forest, intensivelymanaged bamboo stand, economic forest and extensivelymanaged bamboo stand. The surface runoff of farmland was the maximum, which was 3 to 8 times as that of natural forest. (2)The soil erosion modulus of different landuse/vegetation types also showed the similar trend as the runoff coefficient. The soil erosion modulus of natural forest was the minimum, followed by coniferous forest, extensivelymanaged bamboo stand, intensivelymanaged bamboo stand and economic forest. The soil erosion modulus of farmland was the maximum, which was 3 to 9 times as that of natural forest. (3)The characteristics of the soil and water conservation of different landuse types along the eastwest gradient of China had a significant difference. In the eastern part of China, the surface runoff coefficient and soil erosion modulus were significantly lower than that of the central and western regions. It was related to the difference between the regions of the natural conditions, economic and social development level and the status quo of soil and water conservation.