Abstract: Compared with the tropical montane rain forest and Betula alnoides secondary forest, the study on plant diversity and similarity of B.alnoides plantation could make the preliminary results and conclusions as follows: (1) the plant diversity of 13 yearsold B.alnoides plantation has been recovered preferably, of which the tree species richness (S), ShannonWiener diversity (H′), Simpson index (λ), and Pielou’s evenness index (Jsw) of the plantation artificially regenerated from tropical montane rain forest logged stands, have exceeded that of tropical montane rain forest in Puwen. (2) The species composition and richness of B.alnoides plantation were closely related with native vegetation and the status of secondary bare land. (3) Conducting silviculture activities with pioneer species, such as B.alnoides, would benefit speeding up the succession towards the zonal vegetation. (4) Tending and thinning at proper time would be helpful for accelerating the growth of B.alnoides, and it would also benefit the plantation biodiversity.