海洋岛屿特有种的分化形成与维持

徐卫祥; 王中生; 王志科; 马元屾; 杨琳璐; 安树青

doi:10.3969/j.jssn.1000-2006.2012.05.029

海洋岛屿特有种的分化形成与维持

徐卫祥，王中生*，王志科，马元屾，杨琳璐，安树青

南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (05) : 148-154.

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2012, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (05) : 148-154. DOI: 10.3969/j.jssn.1000-2006.2012.05.029

综合述评

海洋岛屿特有种的分化形成与维持

徐卫祥，王中生*，王志科，马元屾，杨琳璐，安树青

作者信息 +

Research on differentiation and speciation of the oceanic island endemics

XU Weixiang, WANG Zhongsheng*, WANG Zhike, MA Yuanshan, YANG Linlu, AN Shuqing

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摘要

岛屿特有物种因具有种群间海域隔离、分布边界清晰、分布范围狭窄及种群规模较小等特点，已成为岛屿生物地理学研究的模式种。综合分析岛屿特有种的相关研究案例，将岛屿特有物种分化和形成过程概括为4个阶段：向岛屿迁移、种群建立、扩大分布区域以及适应性辐射等。岛屿生态系统中特有种分化与形成的驱动力主要包括：（1）海域隔离降低有效基因流；（2）邻近岛屿或大陆对岛屿的多重侵居；（3）建群种适应不同生境的辐射分化；（4）熔岩流等突发地质事件引起的建群种分化；（5）瓶颈效应或建立者效应等驱动新物种形成。尽管岛屿拥有丰富的特有物种多样性，但由于受基因流阻隔、遗传漂变、小种群瓶颈效应及稀有等位基因流失等因素的影响，岛屿特有物种比陆地物种更易于濒危或灭绝。“物种恢复工程”与生态系统水平上的生境保护工程的同步开展将有利于岛屿特有物种及岛屿生态系统的保育。

Abstract

Due to the oceanic geographic isolation, distinctive distribution boundary, narrow distribution range and small population size, island endemics have become the model species for island biogeography research. According to the studies related to island endemics, we summarized the course of differentiation and speciation of the oceanic island endemics into four stages: migration into new islands, establishment of populations, enlargement of distribution regions and adaptive changes and/or radiations. There were five kinds of forces driving these processes: （1) the reduced gene flow by oceanic isolation; （2) multiple colonization from nearby islands or mainland; （3) adaptive radiation in different habitats；（4) differentiation caused by sudden geological events such as lava flow; （5) speciation conduced by bottleneck effect or founder effect. Though islands have rich diversity of endemics，these island species have greater tendency to be endangering or dying out than their continental conterparts because of genetic drift and small population effects. The combination of the species recovery program and the protection of habitat on ecosystem level will could promote the conservation of island endemics and ecosystems.

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徐卫祥，王中生*，王志科，马元屾，杨琳璐，安树青. 海洋岛屿特有种的分化形成与维持[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）. 2012, 36(05): 148-154 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.jssn.1000-2006.2012.05.029

XU Weixiang, WANG Zhongsheng*, WANG Zhike, MA Yuanshan, YANG Linlu, AN Shuqing. Research on differentiation and speciation of the oceanic island endemics[J]. JOURNAL OF NANJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY. 2012, 36(05): 148-154 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.jssn.1000-2006.2012.05.029

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基金

收稿日期：2011-12-24修回日期：2012-06-05
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（30970512）
第一作者：徐卫祥，硕士生。*通信作者：王中生，副教授，博士。E-mail: wangzs@nju.edu.cn。
引文格式：徐卫祥，王中生，王志科,等. 海洋岛屿特有种的分化形成与维持[J]. 南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,36(5):148-154.