Abstract: The introduction of olives into various regions of Jiangsu Province has proved successful. Based on the research work made in the past twenty years, causes and significance of the success are here discussed, districts suitable for olive cultivation suggested and proposals for their further development raised.1. There are now over 50,000 plants distributed in 32 counties and municipalities in Jiangsu Province and there are 92 cultivars introduced and preserved in the Jiangsu Botanical Institute. In the Counties of Wu and Wuxi in the Taihu Lake area, olives grow and develop best, bear fruit at younger ages and almost every cultivars can adapt itself to the local conditions. Olives in Nanjing and Xugou yield rich harvests in normal years. In 1979, 300-400 kg and 638.8 kg per mu (1/15 hectare) were gathered on small plot basis respectively, with the former coming near to and the latter exceeding the high yield recorded in the Mediterranean area.2. In view of its less precipitation and more sunshine as compared with other places in China where olives have been introduced, Jiangsu is considered to be an area with better natural conditions, but its low temperature in winter forms a restrictive factor for olive cultivation.3. According to the local January mean temperature, topographical feature and soil character, fou classes of regions are classified, i. e, regions suitable for cultivation where mean temperature in January is higher than 2.5C, regions fairly good for cultivation where mean January temperature is at 1.5-2.5C, regions to be under test and regions not fit for introduction.4. Some suggestions for future development of olive are made, namely, small scale plantation, intensive cultivation, selection of cold-resisting and high-yielding species etc.