Abstract: By using the data derived from the permanent plots in Wugong Shan Forest Farm, Jiangxi Province, China, the author of this paper analyzed and contrasted the species diversity and vertical structure between two kind of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb)Hook) plantations cultured by different methods of Recidue Management Cultivation (RMC) and traditional cultivation. Consequently, the results show that the RMC method has a distinct effect on recovering species diversity of Chinese fir plantations in southern China. The Chinese fir plantations cultured by RMC method not only have the ideal vertical structure and habitat diversity but have their species diversity indexes beyond the lower limit of that of evergreen broad-leaved forsets in Jiangxi Province. Thus, it will be significant in conservation species diversity and sustainable utilization of forest land resource to popularize the method of Recidue Management Cultivation all-sidedly in southern China.