采用自组装的裂解精炼装置，以大豆油为原料考察了精馏反应条件对裂解产物性能的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为：精馏柱温度范围320~350 ℃，裂解反应釜温度480~500 ℃，大豆油滴加速度为35 g/h。通过红外光谱（FTIR）、气质联用（GCMS）和凝胶色谱（SEC）对裂解产物的分析表明，产物具有较低的平均分子质量，主要成分为烷烃、烯烃、醛、羧酸等。从化学组成及燃料性能来看，裂解产物的性质与石化柴油相近,裂解所得产物密度825 kg/m3，黏度40 mm2/s，热值42 MJ/kg，冷凝点-9 ℃，冷滤点-4 ℃,具有较好燃料性能。
Abstract
The catalytic cracking reactions of soybean oil have been studied using a selfassembled distillation apparatus, and the optimal technological conditions were obtained as follows: the distillation temperature 320—350 ℃, cracking temperature 480—500 ℃, and adding rate of soybean oil 35 g/h. The fraction distribution of product was modified by the basic catalyst such as Na2CO3 and distillation process. It was known from the analysis results of FTIR, GCMS and SEC that the cracked products mainly consisted of alkanes, alkenes, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid. Furthermore, the crackedoil had a low average molecular weight, and had similar physical and chemical properties comparing to those specified for petroleumbased fuels. The properties of the cracked oil were measured as follows: density of 825 kg/m3, viscosity of 4.0 mm2/s，calorific value of 42 MJ/kg, freezing point of -9 ℃, and cold filter plugging point of -4 ℃.
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基金
收稿日期：2010-09-14修回日期：2011-03-23 基金项目：国家高技术研究发展计划（2009AA05Z437）；国家自然科学基金项目(30671649)；江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2009545)；国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(200904008)；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划（2011BAD22B05）作者简介：陈洁（1985—），研究实习员，硕士。Email: chenjie_hi@126.com。
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