Abstract: 【Objective】We aimed to identify the changes in the characteristics such as number, area and degree of erosion in the eroded gullies of the black soil region, and determine the effect of underlying factors.【Method】Data on changes in gully erosion was extracted from a remote sensing film of Wuyuer River watershed, which was recorded by the American satellite CORONA in 1965, the French satellite SPOT5 in 2005, and a Chinese satellite in 2012. Based on the change in gully erosion and information on the factors affecting this process, such as geological landform, soil, climate, land-use coverage, and human activities, the process determining gully erosion and the extent of the effects of the factors mentioned above were analyzed.【Result】 From 1965 to 2012, the number of eroded gullies, their length, area, and the degree of erosion increased 4.03,2.67,6.62, and 6.61 times, respectively. Gully erosion degree increased at the rate of 77.45 m²/km² per year from 1965 to 2005, and 143.51 m²/km² per year from 2005 to 2012.The increase in the annual rate of erosion between 2005 and 2012 was 1.85 times of that between 1965 and 2005. The main factors influencing the development process of eroded gullies in the black soil region were precipitation, topography, soil, land-use,and human activity.The effect of rain and distance of residential areas from the gully region affected erosion to the greatest extent among all the underlying factors. The degree of gully erosion increased greatly when rain erosion ability surpassed 120 MJ·mm/(hm²·h).Gully areas with light, strong, and very strong risk of erosion accounted for 83%, 16%, and 1%, respectively.【Conclusion】In the management process of the black soil area, we should pay attention to the protection of land resources, govern the erosion of gullies based on the degrees of risk, and realize the sustainable use of land resources.