东北东部山区主要树种枝条及其组分水力特征

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003027

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 159-166.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003027

东北东部山区主要树种枝条及其组分水力特征

荆烁(), 孙慧珍^*()

东北林业大学林学院生态研究中心,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2020-03-10 接受日期:2020-06-22 出版日期:2021-07-30 发布日期:2021-07-30
通讯作者: 孙慧珍
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572019CP14);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2572018BA05)

The hydraulic characteristics of the whole branch and its components of the major tree species in the eastern region of northeast China

JING Shuo(), SUN Huizhen^*()

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Center for Ecological Research,School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2020-03-10 Accepted:2020-06-22 Online:2021-07-30 Published:2021-07-30
Contact: SUN Huizhen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针叶树种和阔叶树种木质部孔性特征的分化,导致两个功能类群在水力学结构上存在显著差异,分析针叶与阔叶树种枝条及其组分间导水率对比特征,了解树木枝-叶水力传导机制。【方法】以东北温带森林中常见的3种针叶树种红松(Pinus koraiensis)、红皮云杉(Picea koraiensis)、兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)和4种阔叶树种白桦(Betula platyphylla)、五角槭(Acer mono)、春榆(Ulmus japonica)、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)为研究对象,利用高压流速仪(HPFM)的准稳态法,测定枝条的整枝(K_wb)、茎段(K_b)、叶片(K_lb)和叶柄导水率(K_p),并分别计算基于叶面积和叶质量的整枝(K_wb-area和K_wb-mass)、茎段(K_b-area和K_b-mass)、叶片导水率(K_lb-area和K_lb-mass)。比较同一树种枝条水力阻力分配以及不同树种同一组分间导水率差异,并探索标准化后的枝条及其组分导水率与叶性状[包括比叶质量(LMA)和叶干物质含量(LDMC)]的关系。【结果】①红松的K_lb约是K_b和K_wb的4倍,针叶阻力(R_lb)仅占枝条总水力阻力(R_wb)的20%;其余树种K_lb和K_wb差异不显著,并显著低于K_b,R_lb占R_wb的61%~80%,茎段阻力(R_b)占R_wb的20%左右,叶柄阻力(R_p)占R_wb不足10%。② 不同材性树种K_lb-area表现为无孔材最高、散孔材和环孔材树种相似,阔叶K_lb-area显著低于针叶。不同材性或叶习性树种间K_wb-area或K_b-area均无显著差异。③ K_lb-area、K_wb-area和K_b-area与比叶质量(LMA)、干物质含量(LDMC)均正相关,其中K_lb-area与两者相关极显著(P<0.01);K_lb-mass、K_wb-mass和K_b-mass与LMA、LDMC均为负相关,K_lb-mass与两者相关不显著。【结论】除了红松,其余6个树种均可采用枝条或带叶柄的叶片代替叶片导水率数据。针叶导水率高于阔叶,一定程度上弥补了针叶树种木质部输水效率低的限制。对针叶树种采用枝条代替K_lb-area分析与叶性状的关系需慎重,基于单位叶质量的枝条及其组分导水率指标,能够如实反映针阔叶树种叶导水率与叶性状的关系。

关键词: 水力导度, 针叶树, 阔叶树, 枝条及其组分, 叶性状, 高压流速仪, 东北地区

Abstract:

【Objective】The divergence in wood types between coniferous and broadleaved tree species is expected to lead to significantly different hydraulic architectures between these two functional groups. Despite extensive research on branch xylem, the hydraulic conductance of the whole branch and its parts between the two groups are not well understood.【Method】In the present study, the hydraulic conductance and the hydraulic relative resistance (the inverse of conductance) of the whole branch (K_wb), leafless branch (K_b), leaf blades (K_lb), and petioles (K_P)as well as the above values normalized by leaf area (K_wb-area, K_b-area, K_lb-area) and dry mass (K_wb-mass, K_b-mass, K_lb-mass), were determined in the quasi-steady-state mode using a high-pressure flow meter (HPFM). This was performed on three conifers (Pinus koraiensis, Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelinii) and four deciduous broadleaved tree species (Betula platyphylla, Acer mono, Ulmus japonica, Quercus mongolica) commonly found in the eastern region of northeast China. We analyzed the hydraulic resistance distribution of the whole branch, compared hydraulic conductance values within the same part of the branch among the different tree species, wood properties, or leaf habits, and established the relationship between the hydraulic conductance and leaf traits(leaf mass per area-LMA and leaf dry mass content-LDMC).【Result】The K_lb for Pinus koraiensis was approximately four times as much as the K_wb and K_b, whereas the K_lb and K_wb for the remaining six species were similar, and significantly lower than those of the K_b. The leaf-blade relative resistance (R_lb) in Pinus koraiensis accounted for 20% of the total hydraulic resistance (R_wb) in the branch, whereas the relative resistance contribution of R_lb, leafless branch (R_b), and petiole (R_p) to the R_wb ranged from 61% to 80%, about 20%, and lower than 10%, respectively, for the remaining tree species. The K_lb-area of the non-porous species was higher than those of the diffuse- and ring-porous species. The latter two functional groups showed no significant difference in the K_lb-area, resulting in a significantly higher K_lb-area for coniferous species than for that of broadleaved species. No differences was found in terms of the K_wb-area or K_b-area among tree species with different wood types or leaf habits. Leaf area-based hydraulic conductances were positively correlated with the LMA or LDMC, whereas leaf mass-based hydraulic conductances were negatively correlated with the LMA and LDMC. The K_lb-area and K_lb-mass showed a strong and a weak relationship with leaf traits, respectively.【Conclusion】The whole branches or leaf blades with petioles could be used to measure the K_lb for all the tree species examined, with the exception of Pinus koraiensis. The K_lb of coniferous species was higher than that of broadleaved tree species, which compensated for the lower xylem hydraulic efficiency, to some extent. Caution should be applied when analyzing the relationship between the K_lb-area and leaf traits using the whole branch for coniferous tree species. Leaf mass-based hydraulic conductance can faithfully reflect the relationship between the leaf hydraulic conductance and the leaf traits of coniferous and broadleaved trees.

Key words: hydraulic conductance, coniferous tree, broadleaved tree, whole branch and its components, leaf trait, high-pressure flowmeter, northeast China

中图分类号:

S718.5

荆烁,孙慧珍. 东北东部山区主要树种枝条及其组分水力特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(4): 159-166.

JING Shuo, SUN Huizhen. The hydraulic characteristics of the whole branch and its components of the major tree species in the eastern region of northeast China[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(4): 159-166.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202003027.

图/表 5

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树种(代号) species (code)	材性(代号) wood type (code)	叶习性 leaf habit	生境 habitat
白桦(Bp) Betula platyphylla	散孔材(DP) diffuse-porous	落叶阔叶	山坡下部
五角槭(Am) Acer mono	散孔材(DP) diffuse-porous	落叶阔叶	山坡中部
春榆(Uj) Ulmus japonica	环孔材(RP) ring-porous	落叶阔叶	山坡下部
蒙古栎(Qm) Quercus mongolica	环孔材(RP) ring-porous	落叶阔叶	山坡中部
红松(Pks) Pinus koraiensis	无孔材(NP) non-porous	常绿针叶	山坡下部
红皮云杉(Pkn) Picea koraiensis	无孔材(NP) non-porous	常绿针叶	山坡中部
兴安落叶松(Lg) Larix gmelinii	无孔材(NP) non-porous	落叶针叶	山坡下部

东北东部山区主要树种枝条及其组分水力特征

The hydraulic characteristics of the whole branch and its components of the major tree species in the eastern region of northeast China

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[1]	牛牧, 陈俊华, 周大松, 谢天资, 别鹏飞, 赵润, 慕长龙. 川中丘陵区4种乡土阔叶树根系拓扑结构特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(2): 125-132.
[2]	陈俊华, 周大松, 牛牧, 别鹏飞, 谢天资, 赵润, 慕长龙. 川中丘陵区4种乡土阔叶树细根性状对比研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(1): 31-38.
[3]	陈禹衡, 吕一维, 殷晓洁. 气候变化下西南地区12种常见针叶树种适宜分布区预测[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2019, 43(6): 113-120.
[4]	陈波,蒋燕,鲁绍伟1,3,李少宁,陈鹏飞,刘海龙,赵东波. 北京西山不同树种夏秋季PM_2.5吸附量与润湿性关系[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2018, 42(02): 113-119.
[5]	曾俊,孙慧珍. 超声发射特征归类识别木质部栓塞信息[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2018, 42(01): 89-97.
[6]	胡春华,李萍萍. 基于直觉模糊集的阔叶树苗叶片边缘检测[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2014, 38(06): 77-80.
[7]	赵鑫,李凤日,赵颖慧,贾炜玮,董利虎. 基于凉水地区航空相片的主要针叶树种材积表编制[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2013, 37(02): 65-70.
[8]	许东新，庄炳莉，薛建辉*，刘金根，吴永波. 南京地区5个常绿阔叶树种的抗寒性评价[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2010, 34(03): 72-76.
[9]	邓文鑫，张凯，黄青，徐小牛*. 园林绿地常见针叶树叶养分利用及回流特点[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2009, 33(06): 87-.
[10]	薛建辉，苏敬，刘金根，吴永波. 5个常绿阔叶园林树种对低温变化的生理响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2009, 33(04): 38-42.
[11]	曹永慧1,萧江华1*,陈双林1,吴明1,吴柏林2. 竹阔混交林阔叶树下土壤养分对毛竹生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2007, 31(06): 43-47.
[12]	赵永艳1,苏继申2. 竹阔混交林土壤性状与分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2007, 31(01): 81-84.
[13]	谢寅峰;沈惠娟;罗爱珍. 水分胁迫下南方四种针叶树幼苗水分参数的测定[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 1999, 23(01): 41-44.
[14]	尹佟明;韩正敏;黄敏仁. 从针叶树营养体组织中提取高纯度DNA的方法[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 1998, 22(04): 87-90.
[15]	徐永吉,吴达期,张耀丽. 圩墩遗址古木研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 1994, 18(01): 45-50.