亚热带典型森林类型可燃物载量分配特征

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302022

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 57-64.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302022

所属专题：林草计算机应用研究专题

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亚热带典型森林类型可燃物载量分配特征

李建华¹(), 夏虹露¹^,^*(), 唐卫平², 黄晗³

1.国家林业和草原局华东调查规划设计院,浙江杭州 310019
2.兰溪市野生动植物保护管理站,浙江金华 321100
3.兰溪市林场,浙江金华 321100

收稿日期:2023-02-23 修回日期:2023-06-01 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-10-10
作者简介:李建华(1754015067@qq.com),高级工程师。
基金资助:
湖州市财政防火普查专项

Characteristics of fuel load distribution in typical subtropical forest types

LI Jianhua¹(), XIA Honglu¹^,^*(), TANG Weiping², HUANG Han³

1. East China Survey, Planning and Design Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou 310019, China
2. Lanxi City Wildlife Protection and Management Station, Jinhua 321100, China
3. Lanxi City Forest Farm of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua 321100, China

Received:2023-02-23 Revised:2023-06-01 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究亚热带地区典型森林类型可燃物载量分配规律,明晰不同森林类型组分单位面积可燃物载量与乔木层蓄积量的关系,为森林可持续经营提供科学依据。【方法】依据湖州市森林防火普查及补充调查数据,9种亚热带典型森林类型为研究对象,通过样方调查及烘干法,实际测定和计算不同森林类型各组分的单位面积可燃物载量,采用单因素方差分析法分析不同森林类型及各组分的单位面积可燃物载量差异,并对典型森林类型组分的单位面积可燃物载量与乔木层单位面积蓄积量进行线性或非线性回归拟合,分析其相关性。【结果】绝大多数森林类型的乔木层单位面积可燃物载量显著高于枯倒木层的(P<0.05),枯倒木层的又显著高于灌木层等其他组分(P<0.05),而毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)纯林枯倒木层单位面积可燃物载量显著高于其他组分(P<0.05);栎类(Quercus spp.)纯林、木荷(Schima superba)纯林及针阔混交林的乔木层单位面积可燃物载量相对其他森林类型较高,针阔混交林、木荷纯林和其他软阔叶林的枯落物层的单位面积可燃物载量较其他森林类型高;回归分析结果表明,绝大多数森林类型单位面积乔木层可燃物载量与蓄积量之间存在着显著的线性正向相关关系,其中栎类纯林相关性最高(R²=0.89),但灌木层、草本层单位面积可燃物载量随着蓄积量的增加呈下降趋势。【结论】亚热带地区森林的经营管理应充分考虑不同森林类型可燃物载量的分配特征差异及组分间的相互联系。乔木层树种组成对森林地表可燃物的分配具有重要影响,单位面积蓄积量与单位面积可燃物载量关系密切,是森林组分可燃物载量分析和预测的重要参考指标。

关键词: 可燃物载量, 树种组成, 林分蓄积量, 单因素方差分析, 回归拟合, 亚热带森林

Abstract:

【Objective】The fuel load is important for forest fire management. This study investigated the distribution of fuel load and analyzed the relationship between the per unit area fuel load components and volumes, within the tree layer among subtropical forest types, to provide scientific references for sustainable forest management. 【Method】Forest fire survey and supplementary investigation data were taken from Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Nine typical subtropical forest types were chosen as research objects. The fuel load per unit area of each component of different forest types was measured and calculated by quadratic investigation and drying methods. One-way ANOVA was used to test for differences of the fuel load per unit area among forest types and components. The linear or nonlinear correlation fitting was carried out on the fuel load per unit area of the components and the volume per unit area of the tree layer of typical forest types to analyze their correlation.【Result】The amount of the fuel load per unit area of tree layer in most forest types was significantly higher than that in the fallen dead wood layer (P< 0.05), and the fallen dead wood layer was significantly higher than other components such as the shrub layer (P< 0.05). However, the fuel load per unit area of the fallen dead wood layer in Phyllostachys edulis monoculture forests was significantly higher than that of other components (P< 0.05). The fuel load per unit area in the tree layer of Quercus spp. forests, Schima superba forests, and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests were higher than that of other forest types. The fuel load per unit area of the litter layer in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, Schima superba forests, and other soft broad-leaved forests were higher than that of other forest types. The results of the regression analysis showed that for most forest types, there was a significant linear positive correlation between fuel load per unit area and volume per unit area of tree layer. Among them, Quercus spp. forests have the highest correlation (R²=0.89). Nevertheless, the amount of the fuel load per unit area in the shrub layer and herb layer in most forest types decreased with the increase of the amount of volume per unit area.【Conclusion】The management of subtropical forest fuel loads should take full account of the differences in the distribution characteristics of different forest types and the interrelationship among different components. The composition of tree species in the canopy layer has a significant impact on the distribution of forest surface fuels. The storage volume per unit area of tree layer is closely related to the fuel load per unit area of tree layer and is an important reference indicator for the analysis and prediction of fuel loads of forest components.

Key words: combustible load, tree species composition, stand volume, One-way ANOVA, regression fit, subtropical forest

中图分类号:

S719

李建华,夏虹露,唐卫平,等. 亚热带典型森林类型可燃物载量分配特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 57-64.

LI Jianhua, XIA Honglu, TANG Weiping, HUANG Han. Characteristics of fuel load distribution in typical subtropical forest types[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(5): 57-64.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202302022.

图/表 3

表1

表2

枯落物及腐殖质层单位面积可燃物载量与单位面积蓄积量线性相关性"

森林类型 forest type	组分类型 component type	斜率 k slope	相关系数 R² correlation coefficient	森林类型 forest type	组分类型 component type	斜率 k slope	相关系数 R² correlation coefficient
杉木林 C. lanceolata forest	枯落物层1 litter layer 1	-0.010 00	0.03	其他软阔林 other soft broad forest	枯落物层1 litter layer 1	0.003 00	0.02
	枯落物层2 litter layer 2	-0.001 00	0.01		枯落物层2 litter layer 2	0.002 00	0.06
	枯落物层3 litter layer 3	-0.001 00	0.01		枯落物层3 litter layer 3	0.002 00	0.04
	腐殖质层 humus layer	-0.001 00	0.01		腐殖质层 humus layer	0.000 06	<0.01
栎类林 Quercus spp. forest	枯落物层1 litter layer 1	-0.000 20	<0.01	其他硬阔林 other hard broad forest	枯落物层1 litter layer 1	0.002 00	<0.01
	枯落物层2 litter layer 2	-0.000 60	0.02		枯落物层2 litter layer 2	0.002 00	0.13
	枯落物层3 litter layer 3	-0.000 50	0.02		枯落物层3 litter layer 3	0.001 00	0.05
	腐殖质层 humus layer	-0.006 00	0.04		腐殖质层 humus layer	0.007 00	0.01
马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	枯落物层1 litter layer 1	0.080 00	0.11	其他针叶纯林 other coniferous pureforest	枯落物层1 litter layer 1	0.003 00	0.15
	枯落物层2 litter layer 2	0.020 00	0.10		枯落物层2 litter layer 2	-0.000 80	0.13
	枯落物层3 litter layer 3	0.010 00	0.04		枯落物层3 litter layer 3	-0.001 00	0.08
	腐殖质层 humus layer	0.170 00	0.05		腐殖质层 humus layer	0.002 00	0.02
毛竹林 Phylbostachys edulis forest	枯落物层1 litter layer 1	0.030 00	0.14	针阔混交林 coniferous and broad mix forest	枯落物层1 litter layer 1	-0.010 00	0.21
	枯落物层2 litter layer 2	-0.004 00	<0.01		枯落物层2 litter layer 2	0.001 00	0.17
	枯落物层3 litter layer 3	0.002 00	0.06		枯落物层3 litter layer 3	0.002 00	0.03
	腐殖质层 humus layer	-0.040 00	0.08		腐殖质层 humus layer	-0.050 00	0.41
木荷林 Schima superba forest	枯落物层1 litter layer 1	0.030 00	0.01
	枯落物层2 litter layer 2	0.003 00	0.15
	枯落物层3 litter layer 3	0.004 00	0.20
	腐殖质层 humus layer	0.010 00	0.05

表2

图1

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森林组分 forest component	各森林类型可燃物载量/(t·hm^-2) fuel load of each forest type
森林组分 forest component	杉木林 Cunninghamia lanceolata forest	栎类林 Quercus spp. forest	马尾松林 Pinus massoniana forest	毛竹林 Phyllostochys edulis forest	木荷林 Schima superba forest	其他软阔林 other soft broad forest	其他硬阔林 other hard broad forest	其他针叶纯林 other coniferous pure forest	针阔混交林 coniferous and broad mix forest
乔木层 tree layer	154.10± 64.75 Aabc	188.84± 83.96 Aa	144.32± 50.29 Abcd	17.05± 26.70 Be	188.19± 59.46 Aa	108.55± 48.84 Ad	125.35± 58.56 Acd	136.44± 40.77 Abcd	176.01± 45.03 Aab
灌木层 shrub layer	4.89± 4.11 Cbc	8.17± 7.75 Cab	7.30± 6.46 Cab	1.84± 2.71 Bc	5.06± 5.84 Cbc	4.81± 4.91 Cbc	4.13± 4.20 Cc	10.77± 8.75 Ba	3.30± 3.40 Cc
草本层 herb layer	0.25± 0.44 Ca	0.11± 0.14 Ca	0.32± 0.48 Ca	0.14± 0.19 Ba	0.14± 0.27 Ca	0.25± 0.32 Ca	0.22± 0.57 Ca	0.22± 0.41 Ba	0.21± 0.19 Ca
枯落物层1 litter layer 1	1.60± 1.34 Cab	1.42± 0.98 Cabc	1.24± 0.80 Cbc	1.11± 0.83 Bbc	2.06± 1.17 Ca	1.13± 0.75 Cbc	1.30± 1.21 Cbc	1.81± 0.56 Ba	1.26± 1.14 Cbc
枯落物层2 litter layer 2	0.34± 0.38 Cab	0.31± 0.27 Cab	0.26± 0.19 Cab	0.14± 0.18 Bb	0.44± 0.40 Ca	0.32± 0.28 Cab	0.23± 0.21 Cb	0.22± 0.15 Bb	0.26± 0.12 Cab
枯落物层3 litter layer 3	0.19± 0.27 Cabc	0.20± 0.26 Cabc	0.09± 0.17 Cbc	0.05± 0.13 Bc	0.30± 0.48 Cab	0.27± 0.36 Cab	0.14± 0.25 Cbc	0.15± 0.23 Bbc	0.37± 0.32 Ca
腐殖质层 humus layer	1.98± 2.24 Ca	1.91± 2.23 Ca	2.09± 3.07 Ca	1.41± 2.43 Ba	2.67± 2.70 Ca	1.03± 1.25 Ca	1.78± 3.33 Ca	1.57± 0.98 Ba	2.00± 3.57 Ca
枯倒木层 fallen dead wood layer	30.34± 87.16 Ba	59.86± 163.55 Ba	34.51± 91.31 Ba	69.65± 125.96 Aa	39.30± 73.65 Ba	54.01± 222.27 Ba	31.03± 92.04 Ba	55.80± 148.31 Ba	61.43± 54.69 Ba

亚热带典型森林类型可燃物载量分配特征

Characteristics of fuel load distribution in typical subtropical forest types

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