无锡市小微湿地演变特征及影响因素分析

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204038

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (2): 27-36.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204038

• 专题报道Ⅰ: 山水林田湖草沙一体化保护———湿地生态研究专题（执行主编张金池薛建辉） • 上一篇下一篇

无锡市小微湿地演变特征及影响因素分析

张佳敏¹(), 刘小燕¹, 邓懿², 冯耀², 朱斌¹, 初磊¹, 张增信¹^,^*()

1.南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏省水土保持与生态修复重点实验室,南京林业大学林草学院、水土保持学院,江苏南京 210037
2.无锡市自然资源和规划局,江苏无锡 214023

收稿日期:2022-04-15 修回日期:2022-06-13 出版日期:2024-03-30 发布日期:2024-04-08
通讯作者: *张增信(nfuzhang@163.com),教授。
作者简介:张佳敏(belly1111@163.com)。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0409004);国家自然科学基金项目(41971025);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

Changing features and influencing factors of small and micro wetlands in Wuxi City

ZHANG Jiamin¹(), LIU Xiaoyan¹, DENG Yi², FENG Yao², ZHU Bin¹, CHU Lei¹, ZHANG Zengxin¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2. Wuxi Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Wuxi 214023,China

Received:2022-04-15 Revised:2022-06-13 Online:2024-03-30 Published:2024-04-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】开展小微湿地时空演变特征及影响因素分析,可为湿地生态修复与保护提供数据基础和理论依据。【方法】基于2000、2010和2020年Landsat系列卫星影像,利用支持向量机分类等方法,提取无锡市小微湿地斑块信息,结合气象、土地利用等数据,对无锡市小微湿地的时空演变特征及其影响因素进行分析。【结果】 ①近20年来无锡市湿地总面积呈下降趋势,由2000年的17.8万hm²减少至2020年的10.4万hm²,其中小微湿地总面积从2000年的1.9万hm²减少到2020年的1.5万hm²。②从空间分布来看,无锡市小微湿地主要分布在宜兴市,其面积占无锡市湿地面积的40.0%;从湿地类型来看,以自然湿地为主,比例高达61.0%;无锡市小微湿地具有明显的季节变化特征,2020年季节性小微湿地占小微湿地总面积的比例高达73.8%。③无锡市小微湿地受自然因素及人类活动影响,其动态变化与气温、降水呈正相关;人类活动对小微湿地面积下降影响显著,湿地和其他地类间的转化加速了湿地面积萎缩。【结论】无锡市小微湿地资源丰富,但受季节和土地利用变化等影响,小微湿地的萎缩较为严重,亟须加强小微湿地的保护和修复工作。

关键词: 小微湿地, 土地利用, 时空分布, 无锡市

Abstract:

【Objective】 Small and micro wetlands provide several important ecological functions, such as habitat support for key species, biological transfer, hydrological regulation and water purification, education and rest. Wuxi City in China contains numerous wetlands, of which most over 8 hm² have been protected in recent years. However, not all small and micro wetlands have been protected in Wuxi City, and research regarding spatiotemporal changes in these habitats under various factors is lacking. Thus, analyzing the temporal and spatial characteristics and driving forces of small and micro wetlands can provide a theoretical basis for wetland ecological restoration and protection construction.【Method】 Based on Landsat satellite images in 2000, 2010 and 2020, patch information of small and micro wetlands in Wuxi City were extracted using support vector machine classification and other methods. Combined with meteorological and land use data, the spatiotemporal evolution of small and micro wetlands in Wuxi City and its influencing factors were analyzed.【Result】 (1) Within the past two decades, the total wetland area in Wuxi City has decreased from 178 000 hm² in 2000 to 104 000 hm² in 2020. Among them, the total area of small and micro wetlands has decreased from 19 000 hm² in 2000 to 15 000 hm² in 2020. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, small and micro wetlands in Wuxi were mainly distributed in the county-level city Yixing, which accounted for 40.0% of the area of Wuxi City. Small and micro wetlands in Wuxi City predominantly consisted of natural wetlands, accounting for up to 61.0% and displayed marked seasonal variation characteristics. In 2020, the proportion of seasonal small and micro wetlands in the total area of small and micro wetlands was as high as 73.8%. (3) The dynamic of small and micro wetlands in Wuxi City were positively correlated with temperature and precipitation due to natural factors and human activities. Specifically, human activities had a significant impact on the decline of small and micro wetland areas, and the transformation between wetland and other land types accelerated the decline of wetlands.【Conclusion】 Wuxi City is rich in small and micro wetland resources, which are in rapid decline due to seasonal and land use changes. Thus, the protection and restoration of small and micro wetlands must be enhanced to mitigate the negative impacts imposed by different factors.

Key words: small and micro wetland, land use, spatial and temporal distribution, Wuxi City

中图分类号:

P962

张佳敏,刘小燕,邓懿,等. 无锡市小微湿地演变特征及影响因素分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(2): 27-36.

ZHANG Jiamin, LIU Xiaoyan, DENG Yi, FENG Yao, ZHU Bin, CHU Lei, ZHANG Zengxin. Changing features and influencing factors of small and micro wetlands in Wuxi City[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(2): 27-36.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202204038.

图/表 7

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年份 year	类型 sensor type	分辨率/ (m×m) spatial resolution	月份 month	波段数 band
2000	Landsat 4/5 TM	30×30	4、6、9	7
2010	Landsat 4/5 TM	30×30	5、10、12	7
2020	Landsat 8 OLI	30×30	3、5、9	9

序号 serial No.	地点 location	纬度(N) latitude	经度(E) longitude	类型 type	实地调查面积/hm² field survey area	Landsat 8 面积/hm² Landsat 8 area	差值/hm² difference	误差/% error
1	宜兴市横山村 Hengshan Village, Yixing City	31°15'	119°31'	坑塘swag	1.17	1.15	0.02	1.70
2	宜兴市桂芳村 Guifang Village, Yixing City	31°27'	119°42'	养殖坑塘 breeding pits	6.30	5.97	0.33	5.50
3	锡山区中东村 Xishan District Middle East Village	31°33'	120°30'	坑塘swag	1.21	1.23	-0.02	-1.60
4	江阴市西石桥社区 Xishiqiao Community, Jiangyin City	31°51'	120°04'	水稻田paddy	4.14	3.81	0.33	8.70
5	江阴市北湖西村 Beihu West Village, Jiangyin City	31°53'	120°01'	坑塘swag	2.61	2.57	0.04	1.60

无锡市小微湿地演变特征及影响因素分析

Changing features and influencing factors of small and micro wetlands in Wuxi City

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