雌雄银杏对温度变化的形态和生理响应

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209064

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 150-158.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209064

雌雄银杏对温度变化的形态和生理响应

伍长风(), 国靖, 汪贵斌^*()

南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学林草学院,江苏南京 210037

收稿日期:2022-09-28 修回日期:2022-11-21 出版日期:2024-07-30 发布日期:2024-08-05
通讯作者: *汪贵斌(gbwang@njfu.com.cn),教授。
作者简介:
伍长风(cfwu@njfu.edu.cn)。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31971689)

Morphological and physiological responses of male and female Ginkgo biloba to temperature changes

WU Changfeng(), GUO Jing, WANG Guibin^*()

Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,College of Forestry and Grassland, Nanjing Forstry University,Nanjing 210037,China

Received:2022-09-28 Revised:2022-11-21 Online:2024-07-30 Published:2024-08-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究成年雌雄银杏(Ginkgo biloba)大树形态和生理指标与其温度适应的相关性,探究银杏对温度变化的响应机制及其性别差异【方法】通过对累年年均降水量为990~1 200 mm,累年年均气温为9.8、14.4、16.3、18.0和19.8 ℃的5个不同地区的同龄成年实生银杏大树生长指标、解剖结构和代谢产物含量进行分析,探究雌雄银杏在野外条件下对温度变化的响应。【结果】在适生条件下,随年均气温的升高,银杏叶面积、树高和胸径逐渐增加,净光合速率随之提高,萜内酯和聚戊烯醇含量逐渐增加,但总黄酮、多酚、多糖和可溶性糖含量却有所降低,表明一定程度的升温有利于银杏的生长和光合作用,提高萜内酯和聚戊烯醇等主要代谢产物的含量,但不利于抗氧化代谢产物的积累。同地区雄株银杏树高、叶面积、总黄酮、多酚、多糖和可溶性糖含量均显著高于雌株。【结论】自然条件下,银杏会根据不同的温度条件来调整自身形态特征、光合作用效率和代谢产物的含量来保证个体的正常生长,累年年均气温16.3~18.0 ℃是最适宜银杏生长的环境温度。银杏对气温的适应存在性别差异,雄株能更好地适应环境变化。

关键词: 银杏, 雌雄株, 温度, 叶形态, 光合特性, 代谢指标

Abstract:

【Objective】This study investigated the response mechanism of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) to temperature changes and its gender differences, and clarified the relationship between changes in ginkgo morphology and physiological indexes and their corresponding temperature adaptation.【Method】We explored the response of male and female ginkgo trees to temperature changes under field conditions by measuring the growth index, anatomical structure, and metabolite content of adult ginkgo trees in five areas with an average annual precipitation of 990-1 200 mm and average annual temperatures of 9.8, 14.4, 16.3, 18.0 and 19.8 ℃, respectively.【Result】Under suitable living conditions, the leaf area, tree height, breast diameter, photosynthetic rate (Pn), and terpene lactone and polyvalerenol contents increased with the temperature, while the total flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and soluble sugars contents decreased. These indicated that a certain degree of warming was beneficial to the growth and photosynthesis of Ginkgo biloba and increased the content of major metabolites such as terpene lactones and polypentenol, yet it was not promoting the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites. The tree height, leaf area, and total flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and soluble sugar contents of male plants were marked higher than those of female plants, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) was lower than that of female plants.【Conclusion】Under natural conditions, both male and female ginkgo can adjust their morphological characteristics, photosynthetic strategies, and metabolite contents according to different temperature conditions to ensure the normal growth of individuals. The annual average temperature of 16.3-18.0 ℃ is the optimal environmental temperature for G. biloba growth. There exist gender differences in the adaptation of G. biloba to temperature, with the male plant exhibiting a superior ability to adapt to temperature changes.

Key words: Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo), male and female plants, temperature, leaf morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, metabolic index

中图分类号:

S792.95

伍长风,国靖,汪贵斌. 雌雄银杏对温度变化的形态和生理响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 48(4): 150-158.

WU Changfeng, GUO Jing, WANG Guibin. Morphological and physiological responses of male and female Ginkgo biloba to temperature changes[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 48(4): 150-158.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209064.

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编号 No.	采集地址 provenance	经纬度 longitude and latitude	累年年均气温/℃ annual average temperature	累年年均降水量/mm cumulative annual precipitation	海拔/m altitude
1	辽宁丹东 Liaoning Dandong	124.378°E, 40.174°N	9.8	991.0	13.1
2	江苏大丰 Jiangsu Dafeng	120.556°E, 33.176°N	14.4	1 066.9	3.1
3	湖北安陆 Hubei Anlu	113.397°E, 31.333°N	16.3	1 101.1	53.7
4	四川宜宾 Sichuan Yibin	104.638°E, 28.757°N	18.0	1 017.6	160.0
5	云南文山 Yunnan Wenshan	105.641°E, 23.628°N	19.8	1 191.5	680.0

变异来源 source of variation	树高 tree height		胸径 breast diameter		单叶面积 single leaf area		叶上表皮细胞厚度 thickness of upper epidermal cells of leaves		叶片厚度 leaf thickness
变异来源 source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
温度temperature	6.277	0.004	2.823	0.045	4.127	0.013	6.94	0.001	4.126	0.013
性别gender	6.497	0.023	0.221	0.642	26.319	<0.001	1.467	0.240	0.747	0.398
互作间interaction	1.023	0.429	0.318	0.863	3.276	0.032	0.853	0.509	0.940	0.461

变异来源 source of variation	胞间CO₂浓度 Ci		净光合速率 Pn		气孔导度 Gs		蒸腾速率 Tr
变异来源 source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
温度temperature	23.175	<0.001	25.867	<0.001	48.564	<0.001	10.739	<0.001
性别gender	102.295	<0.001	5.690	0.022	46.075	<0.001	37.372	<0.001
互作间interaction	20.600	<0.001	4.977	0.003	14.267	<0.001	17.231	<0.001

变异来源 source of variation	总黄酮total flavone		萜内酯terpene lactone		聚戊烯醇polypentenol
变异来源 source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P
温度 temperature	29.726	<0.001	615.822	<0.001	103.652	<0.001
性别 gender	12.989	0.002	1.023	0.324	0.396	0.536
互作间 interaction	3.204	0.035	15.017	<0.001	25.019	<0.001

变异来源 source of variation	多酚含量 polyphenol content		多糖含量 polysaccharide content		可溶性糖含量 soluble sugar content
变异来源 source of variation	F	P	F	P	F	P
温度 temperature	20.703	<0.001	43.817	<0.001	11.229	<0.001
性别 gender	43.657	<0.001	75.449	<0.001	8.795	0.008
互作间 interaction	12.559	<0.001	12.675	<0.001	2.319	0.092

雌雄银杏对温度变化的形态和生理响应

Morphological and physiological responses of male and female Ginkgo biloba to temperature changes

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