‘漾濞泡核桃’不同树龄冠层结构特性与果实产量关系

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304033

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 129-136.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304033

‘漾濞泡核桃’不同树龄冠层结构特性与果实产量关系

肖良俊¹(), 谭岷山², 马婷¹, 宁德鲁¹^,^*()

1.云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明 650201
2.甘肃省水土保持科学研究所,甘肃兰州 730020

收稿日期:2023-04-25 接受日期:2023-05-22 出版日期:2025-05-30 发布日期:2025-05-27
通讯作者: *宁德鲁(ningdelu@yafg.ac.cn),研究员。
作者简介:
肖良俊(xiaoliangjun@yafg.ac.cn),副研究员。
基金资助:
云南省重大科技专项计划(2018ZG001-06);云南省科技人才与平台计划(202405AD350007)

Relationship between canopy structure characteristics and fruit yield of ‘Yangpao’ walnut at different tree ages

XIAO Liangjun¹(), TAN Minshan², MA Ting¹, NING Delu¹^,^*()

1. Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, China
2. Gansu Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Sciences, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received:2023-04-25 Accepted:2023-05-22 Online:2025-05-30 Published:2025-05-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】核桃(Juglans spp.)的冠层结构与核桃生长、产量和品质密不可分,研究不同树龄的核桃树冠层特性差异可为核桃树栽培管理及树体培养提供理论依据。【方法】采用数字植物冠层分析仪采集‘漾濞泡核桃’(J. sigillata cv. Yangpao)10、20、30、40 a树龄样树的冠层图像,使用冠层图像分析软件进行图片分析,得到不同树龄核桃树的总透光比、叶面积指数、冠层光立地系数和冠层截获的辐射能等相关参数,并对核桃树产量、质量和主要内含物进行测定,对冠层参数、产量和质量的相关数据进行比较和相关性分析。【结果】各树龄核桃树的叶面积指数变化趋势基本相同,冠层总透光比、光立地系数的变化与叶面积指数变化趋势相反;冠层截获的辐射能均呈先增加后减少的趋势。核桃树的单株产量随树龄增大而增加,核桃单株产量、青果质量和干果质量与叶面积指数、冠层截获的辐射能显著正相关。【结论】分析和了解核桃树冠层参数的动态变化规律,为核桃树整形修剪和树体培养提供参考。

关键词: 核桃, 冠层结构, 产量, 数字冠层分析仪, ‘漾濞泡核桃’

Abstract:

【Objective】The canopy structure of walnuts (Juglans spp.) is closely related to their growth, yield and quality. By using a digital canopy analyzer to collect canopy parameters and investigate the differences in canopy characteristics among walnut trees of different ages and their correlations with yield and quality, this study aims to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation management and tree training of walnut trees.【Method】Using a digital plant canopy analyzer (HemiView), canopy images of J. sigillata cv. Yangpao trees at 10, 20, 30 and 40 years of age were collected in the early morning when there was no direct sunlight. The canopy images were analyzed using canopy image analysis software to obtain parameters such as total light transmittance,leaf area index (LAI), canopy light site coefficient, and intercepted radiation by the canopy for trees of different ages. After fruit maturation, individual trees were harvested to measure the fresh fruit weight, dry fruit weight, and major internal components of the fruits. Correlation analysis was performed on the canopy parameters, yield, and quality data.【Result】The leaf area index (LAI) of walnut trees showed similar trends across different ages,with a slight increase from May to July, a slight decrease from July to August, and a rapid decrease from August to October. This result is consistent with the phenological patterns of walnuts in the region, where leaf expansion is mostly completed by May, with only a few new shoots still growing, and new shoot growth ceases in July. The total canopy light transmittance and light site coefficient exhibited opposite trends to the LAI. The intercepted radiation by the canopy increased initially and then decreased. The yield per walnut tree increased with age, with fresh fruit yields per tree at 10, 20, 30 and 40 years of age being 3.39, 10.34, 33.00 and 54.73 kg, respectively. The fresh fruit weight, dry fruit weight, and nut dimensions (longitudinal, transverse, and thickness diameters) increased with age, while the thickness of the fruit husk decreased with age. The moisture content of nuts was around 34% and the shell thickness was around 1 mm for all ages, with no significant differences. The kernel extraction rate increased with age, ranging from 48.59% to 51.61%. The oil content of nuts was around 64%, and the protein content increased with age, ranging from 15.14% to 17.13%. The yield per tree, fresh fruit weight, and dry fruit weight were significantly positively correlated with the LAI and intercepted radiation. The thickness of the fruit husk was significantly negatively correlated with the LAI. The thickness of the nut shell was significantly positively correlated with the intercepted diffuse radiation. The kernel extraction rate was significantly positively correlated with the total intercepted radiation and direct radiation. The protein content of nuts was significantly positively correlated with the LAI.【Conclusion】Analyzing and understanding the dynamic changes in canopy parameters of walnut trees can provide reference for specific guidance on different age groups of pruning and tree body cultivation.

Key words: Juglans spp. walnut, canopy structure characteristics, yield, digital plant canopy alalyzer, J. sigillata ‘Yangpao’

中图分类号:

S718

肖良俊,谭岷山,马婷,等. ‘漾濞泡核桃’不同树龄冠层结构特性与果实产量关系[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 49(3): 129-136.

XIAO Liangjun, TAN Minshan, MA Ting, NING Delu. Relationship between canopy structure characteristics and fruit yield of ‘Yangpao’ walnut at different tree ages[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2025, 49(3): 129-136.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202304033.

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树龄/a tree age	树高/m tree height	胸径/cm DBH	冠幅/m crown width
树龄/a tree age	树高/m tree height	胸径/cm DBH	东西 east to west	南北 north to south
10	3.55±0.20	14.07±1.13	5.90±0.82	5.15±0.75
20	5.40±0.15	18.60±1.62	7.40±0.68	6.90±0.55
30	7.64±0.22	30.18±1.17	10.10±0.68	9.65±0.74
40	8.85±0.19	38.86±1.08	11.95±0.87	10.53±0.65

树龄/a tree age	青果产量 yield of green fruits	鲜果产量 yield of fresh fruits	干果产量 yield of dried fruits
10	12.96±1.08 d	3.39±0.28 d	2.24±0.18 d
20	43.03±1.61 c	10.34±0.39 c	6.83±0.26 c
30	115.83±2.13 b	33.00±0.75 b	21.78±1.15 b
40	184.43±1.38 a	54.73±1.37 a	36.12±1.22 a

树龄/a tree age	单果青果质量/ (g·果^-1) quality of single green fruit	青皮厚/ mm thick green peel	单果干质量/ (g·果^-1) dry weight of single nut	纵径/mm vertical diameter	横径/mm horizontal diameter	棱径/mm generatrix diameter	果形指数 fruit shape index	含水率/% moisture content	干果壳厚/ mm thickness of the nut shell	出仁率/% shelling percentage	含油率/% oil content	蛋白质质量分数/% protein content
10	50.61± 2.50 c	7.07± 0.41 a	8.76± 1.82 b	30.96± 1.42 b	32.05± 1.40 d	26.44± 1.10 d	0.94± 0.03 a	34.15± 1.58 a	1.00± 0.06 ab	48.59± 3.47 a	64.87± 1.15 a	15.14± 1.86 a
20	57.15± 2.69 b	6.67± 0.59 ab	9.04± 1.37 b	31.53± 1.13 b	33.25± 1.46 c	27.73± 1.78 c	0.96± 0.05 a	34.30± 1.49 a	1.02± 0.04 ab	50.62± 4.29 a	64.61± 0.89 a	15.71± 1.25 a
30	64.82± 2.46 a	6.46± 0.18 b	12.10± 1.26 a	35.22± 1.17 a	36.02± 0.82 b	29.33± 0.61 b	0.94± 0.02 a	34.54± 1.30 a	1.03± 0.04 ab	51.44± 3.00 a	64.32± 1.33 a	15.94± 0.83 a
40	66.47± 1.09 a	6.29± 086 b	12.90± 1.38 a	35.50± 0.81 a	37.60± 0.44 a	30.67± 0.65 a	0.96± 0.02a	34.55± 1.92 a	1.05± 0.04 a	51.61± 2.83 a	64.20± 1.35 a	17.13± 0.87 a

相关性 correlation	单株鲜果质量 fresh fruit weight per plant	单株干果质量 weight of dried fruits per plant	单果青果质量 weight of a single green fruit	青皮厚 thickness of green peel	干果质量 weight of dried nuts	含水率 moisture content	干果壳厚 thick nut shell	出仁率 shelling rate	含油率 oil content	蛋白质质量分数 protein content
总透光比VisSky	-0.716^**	-0.716^**	-0.659^**	0.824^**	-0.681^**	-0.002	-0.106	-0.200	0.336	-0.458^*
叶面积指数LAI	0.759^**	0.759^**	0.700^**	-0.847^**	0.717^**	0.052	0.170	0.234	-0.353	0.461^*
散射光立地系数ISF	-0.753^**	-0.753^**	-0.669^**	0.840^**	-0.698^**	-0.046	-0.136	-0.210	0.307	-0.437
直射光立地系数DSF	-0.751^**	-0.751^**	-0.719^**	0.780^**	-0.612^**	-0.240	-0.234	-0.375	0.157	-0.245
综合光立地系数GSF	-0.750^**	-0.750^**	-0.710^**	0.791^**	-0.617^**	-0.222	-0.220	-0.342	0.194	-0.265
冠层截获总辐射DifAb	0.683^**	0.683^**	0.632^**	-0.633^**	0.558^*	0.287	0.196	0.456^*	0.117	0.116
冠层截获总散射辐射 DirAb	0.835^**	0.835^**	0.682^**	-0.657^**	0.738^**	0.118	0.445^*	0.235	-0.004	0.182
冠层截获总直射辐射 TotAb	0.642^**	0.642^**	0.637^**	-0.602^**	0.524^*	0.312	0.194	0.472^*	0.140	0.091

‘漾濞泡核桃’不同树龄冠层结构特性与果实产量关系

Relationship between canopy structure characteristics and fruit yield of ‘Yangpao’ walnut at different tree ages

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