Abstract: To study the occurrence and prevalence of bamboo disease in Nanjing, this research carried out investigations on kinds of disease, damaged status on scattered and mixed bamboo by the way of field route reconnaissance and sample plot investigation from May 2007 to March 2009, as well as analyzed the main factors of the occurrence and prevalence of bamboo diseases. A total of 18 generas including 107 kinds of bamboo species had been investigated. The results showed that there were 15 kinds of bamboo diseases, among them, 13 kinds were fungal diseases, one kind was mite disease and one kind was noninfectious disease. Some bamboo diseases, such as bamboo witches broom disease(Aciculosporium take), leaf withered type witches broom disease(Phaeosphaeria bambusae), bamboo stalk brown rot(Fusarium spp.), Bamboo leaf rust(Puccinia spp., Uredo ignava) and bamboo leaf rust brown spot(Schizotetranychus nanjingensis) were relatively serious. These diseases had great impact on bamboo production. The occurrence epidemic of bamboo diseases were closely related to bamboo species, environmental conditions and operational management. Based on this study, we proposed that the countermeasures, such as pay attention to matching tree species with site, proper management and bamboo diseases research as well as strengthen the plant quarantine, scientifically cultivate bamboo and intensify research efforts, should be exerted to improve the bamboo productivity.