Abstract: In this paper the authors present some results of nearly twenty years studies of the seedling seed orchard of Chinese Fir in terms of their realized genetic and economic gains.The seedling seed orchard was converted from a progeny testing plantationand the seedlings were grown from open-pollinated seeds collected from selected plus-trees. The expected genetic gains for height, diameter and volume were 18.24%, 18.43% and 30% respectively after three times of roguing, i, e., eliminating poor individuals (when they were seven years old), selecting superior families (when ten years) and selecting best individuals in selected families (when thirteen years old). The realized genetic gains of the seedling seed orchard (a three years old open-pollinated progeny testing plantation) was a little less than the expected. But there was no significant difference between the gains of the progenies from the open-pollinated seedling seed orchard and the progenies from the clonal seed orchard, both of which were estabilished at the same time with the same plus-trees and it’s open-pollinated progenies.On the contrary, a comparison between the economic gains of the seedling and the clonal seed orchard shows that the former was negative (-27), and the latter was very desirable (1:47).Therefore, generaly speaking, the seedling seed orchard of Chinese Fir does not seem practicable in the commercial point of view.