油茶产业发展新论

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201909033

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 1-10.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201909033

• 特邀专论(执行主编李维林) • 上一篇下一篇

油茶产业发展新论

陈永忠¹(), 邓绍宏², 陈隆升¹, 马力¹, 何宏², 王湘南¹, 彭邵锋¹, 刘彩霞¹, 王瑞¹, 许彥明¹, 张震¹

1.湖南省林业科学院国家油茶工程技术研究中心, 湖南长沙 410004
2.湖南省林业局,湖南长沙 410004

收稿日期:2019-09-15 修回日期:2019-11-05 出版日期:2020-02-08 发布日期:2020-02-02
作者简介:陈永忠( chenyongzhong06@163.com),研究员,ORCID(000-0003-2254-9973)。
基金资助:
湖南省重大科技专项(2018NK1030-2)

A new view on the development of oil tea camellia industry

CHEN Yongzhong¹(), DENG Shaohong², CHEN Longsheng¹, MA Li¹, HE Hong², WANG Xiangnan¹, PENG Shaofeng¹, LIU Caixia¹, WANG Rui¹, XU Yanming¹, ZHANG Zhen¹

1. Hunan Academy of Forestry, National Oil-tea Camellia Engineering & Technology Research Center, Changsha 410004, China
2. The Forestry Department of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, China

Received:2019-09-15 Revised:2019-11-05 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-02-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

油茶是我国特有的重要木本油料植物,有悠久的栽培历史。油茶产业2008年以来快速发展取得了显著成效,呈现出特色产业的巨大潜力。笔者概述了油茶产业形成和发展的基础,总结了近年发展所取得的成效,辩明了油茶产业的定义、内涵与发展趋势;从生产、技术、市场和社会等层面分析产业发展过程中存在的问题和瓶颈,提出了未来发展的定位与目标。针对产业发展现状和趋势,提出了顶层设计、修订全国油茶产业发展规划;科学构建油茶产业链,明确各环节功能与利益;整合科技资源,重点攻克油茶产业发展的技术瓶颈;开发多样化的生态产品,拓展油茶产业领域;大力推广新品种和低产林改造;推进标准化生产技术提升油茶丰产栽培水平;创新经营模式,调整油茶产业生产组织形式;搭建油茶产业发展的大数据与交易平台;强化规范市场产品质量控制;加大政府权威宣传力度积极创建油茶知名品牌;加强人才培养与技术服务等11条建设性建议。笔者从油茶产业发展的宏观角度疏理了应对产业发展瓶颈的对策,对进一步促进油茶产业健康有序发展有积极影响和重要意义。

关键词: 油茶, 产业定位, 发展举措, 油茶籽, 茶油

Abstract:

Oil tea camellia is an important oil plant with a long history of cultivation in China. Its rapid development since 2008 has achieved remarkable results, presenting great potential for creating characteristic industries. This paper summarizes the foundation of the oil tea industry as well as its situation in recent years, and assesses problems and bottlenecks in the process of industrial development from perspectives of production, technology, market and society, then sets forth the industry’s current direction, and goals for future development. Eleven effective recommendations are made regarding the status of the oil tea industry and trends within it, which include revising the national development plan for the camellia industry, building the oil tea industry pipeline scientifically, and clarifying the biological functions and benefits of each stage, integrating technological resources to overcome bottlenecks in industrial development, developing diversified ecological products to expand the market of the oil tea industry, expanding new crop varieties, vigorously transforming low-yield forests, promoting standardized production technology to improve high-yield cultivation, innovating the current management model, and adjusting the production organization form of the oil tea industry, building big data and trading platforms, increasing quality control of market products, strengthening the public image of the government agency over this industry, creating a famous brand of oil tea camellia products, and enhancing personnel training and technical services. This paper provides a comprehensive, in depth analysis of the oil tea industry and suggests measures to be taken to have a positive impact on promoting its healthy and orderly development.

Key words: oil tea camellia(Camellia oleifera Abel.), industry positioning, development measures, oil tea camellia seeds, camellia oil

中图分类号:

S794.4

陈永忠,邓绍宏,陈隆升,等. 油茶产业发展新论[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(1): 1-10.

CHEN Yongzhong, DENG Shaohong, CHEN Longsheng, MA Li, HE Hong, WANG Xiangnan, PENG Shaofeng, LIU Caixia, WANG Rui, XU Yanming, ZHANG Zhen. A new view on the development of oil tea camellia industry[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(1): 1-10.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201909033.

图/表 7

图1

图2

表1

表2

全国各产区(省/区/市)主推品种"

序号 No.	省/区/市 provinces/ autonomous region/ municipality	主推品种 main promoting variety		合计数 total number
序号 No.	省/区/市 provinces/ autonomous region/ municipality	自选品种 selected variety	区外引进品种 introduced variety	合计数 total number
1	浙江 Zhejiang	‘浙林2、5、6、8、1、10’号 ‘Zhelin 2, 5, 6, 8, 10’	‘长林40、53、18、3、4、23’号 ‘Changlin 40, 53, 18, 3, 4, 23’	12
2	安徽 Anhui	‘黄山1、2、6’号,‘大别山1’号 ‘Huangshan 1, 2, 6’, ‘Dabieshan 1’	‘长林4、18、40、53’号 ‘Changlin 4, 18, 40, 53’	8
3	福建 Fujian	‘油茶闽43、48、60、20、79’,‘龙仙1、2、3’ ‘Oil tea Min 43, 48, 60, 20, 79’, ‘Longxian 1, 2, 3’		8
4	江西 Jiangxi	‘长林3、4、18、40、53’号,‘赣无1、2、12’,‘赣8、70’,‘赣兴48’,‘赣抚 20’,‘赣石84-8’、‘83-4’、‘84-3’,‘GLS赣州油 1、2、4、5、6、8、9、10’号,‘赣州油1、7’号 ‘Changlin 3, 4, 18, 40, 53’, ‘Ganwu 1, 2, 12’, ‘Gan 8, 70’, ‘Ganxing 48’, ‘Ganfu 20’, ‘Ganshi 84-8, 83-4, 84-3’, ‘GLS ganzhouyou 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10’, ‘Ganzhouyou 1,7’		25
5	河南 Henan		‘长林4、3、23、27、18、40、53’号 ‘Changlin 4, 3, 23, 27, 18, 40, 53’	7
6	湖北 Hubei	‘鄂林油茶120、151’,‘阳新米茶202、208’号,‘鄂油465’号、‘谷城大红果8’号 ‘E’lin 120, 151’, ‘Yangxinmicha 202, 208’, ‘E’you 465’, ‘Guchengdahongguo 8’	‘长林3、4、40’号,‘湘林1、XLC15’ ‘Changlin 3, 4, 40’, ‘Xianglin 1, XLC 15’	11
7	湖南 Hunan	‘华硕’、‘华金’、‘华鑫’,‘湘林1、27、63、67、78、97、210、117、124’号,‘衡东大桃2’号、‘常德铁城1号’ ‘Huashuo’, ‘Huajin’, ‘Huaxin’, ‘Xianglin 1, 27, 63, 67, 78, 97, 210, 117, 124’, ‘Hengdongdatao 2’, ‘Changdetiecheng 1’		14
8	广东 Guangdong	‘粤韶75-2、77-1、74-1’、‘粤连74-4、、74-5’,‘璠龙1、2、3、5’号 ‘Yueshao 75-2, 77-1, 74-1’, ‘Yuelian 74-4, 74-5’, ‘Panlong 1, 2, 3, 5’	‘岑软2、3’号、‘湘林1’、‘XLC15’,‘长林40’号,‘赣州油1’号、‘赣兴48’ ‘Cenruan 2, 3’, ‘Xianglin 1’, ‘XLC 15’, ‘Changlin 40’, ‘Ganzhouyou 1’, ‘Ganxing 48’	16
9	广西 Guangxi	‘岑软2、3、24、11、22’号,‘岑软3-62、ZJ24、ZJ11、ZJ14’ ‘Cenruan 2, 3, 24, 11, 22’, ‘Cenruan 3-62, ZJ24, ZJ11, ZJ14’		9
10	海南 Hainan	‘琼东2、8、9’号,‘海油1、2、3、4号’油茶,‘海大油茶1、2’号 ‘Qiongdong 2, 8, 9’, ‘Haiyou 1, 2, 3, 4’, ‘Haida oil tea 1, 2’		9
11	重庆 Chongqing	‘渝林油1’号 ‘Yulinyou 1’	‘湘林210’,‘长林3、4、53’号 ‘Xianglin 210’, ‘Changlin 3, 4, 53’	5
12	四川 Sichuan	‘川林01’,‘达林-1’、‘江安-24、54’,‘翠屏-7’、‘川荣-153、156’,‘川富-53’ ‘Chuanlin 01’,‘Dalin 1’, ‘Jiang’an 24, 54’,‘Cuiping 7’, ‘Chuanrong 153, 156’, ‘Chuanfu 53’		8
13	贵州 Guizhou	‘黔玉1号’,‘黔碧1号’,‘黎平2、3号’,‘黔油1、2、3、4’号,‘望油1’号 ‘Qianyu 1’, ‘Qianbi 1’, ‘Liping 2, 3’, ‘Qianyou 1, 2, 3, 4’, ‘Wangyou 1’	‘湘林27、97、210’号,‘长林3、4、40’号 ‘Xianglin 27, 97, 210’, ‘Changlin 3, 4, 40’	15
14	云南 Yunnan	‘云油茶3、4、9、13、14’号,‘腾冲1’号 ‘Yun oil tea 3, 4, 9, 13, 14’, ‘Tengchong 1’		6
15	陕西 Shaanxi	‘汉油7、10’号 ‘Hanyou 7, 10’	‘长林4、18、40’号,‘亚林所185、228’号 ‘Changlin 4, 18, 40’, ‘Yalinsuo 185, 228’	7
合计varieties total		116	44/18/5	160

表2

表3

表4

表5

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项目 type	大豆油 soybean oil	油菜子油 rape seed oil	棕榈油 palm oil	花生油 peanut oil	玉米油 corn oil	棉籽油 cotton seed oil	葵花籽油 sunflower seed oil	稻米油 rice oil	油茶籽油 tea oil	亚麻籽油 linseed oil	橄榄油 olive oil	其他 others	合计 total
总消费 total consumption	1 670.6	699.3	532.7	297.1	120.0	117.0	93.8	90.0	60.0	26.6	4.0	138.5	3 849.7
国产 domestic production	74.3	408.0	0	280.0	120.0	117.0	20.0	90.0	60.0	10.5	0	13.0	1 192.8
进口total import	1 596.3	291.3	532.7	17.1	0	0	73.8	0	0	16.1	4.0	125.5	2 656.9

脂肪酸 fatty acid	油茶籽油 tea oil	橄榄油 olive oil	大豆油 soybean oil	菜子油 rape seed oil	低芥酸菜子油 low erucic acid rapeseed oil	棕榈油 palm oil	花生油 peanut oil	玉米油 corn oil	棉籽油 cotton seed oil	葵花籽 sunflower seed oil	米糠油 rice bran oil	亚麻籽油 linseed oil
饱和脂肪酸 saturated fatty acids	12.10	16.77	15.22	7.31	7.35	48.75	18.25	15.10	25.85	12.03	17.0	10.04
单不饱和脂肪酸 monounsaturated fatty acids	77.85	70.57	23.08	69.06	61.93	40.50	53.45	31.90	18.35	27.00	45.30	19.26
多不饱和脂肪酸 polyunsaturated fatty acids	9.60	12.66	61.69	23.63	30.72	10.75	28.15	50.75	54.80	60.96	36.00	70.70
资料来源 data source	GB/T 11765 —2018	GB 23347 —2009	GB 1535 —2017	GB 1536 —2004	GB 1536 —2004	GB 15680 —2009	GB 1534 —2017	GB/T 19111 —2017	GB 1537 —2019	GB/T 10464 —2017	GB/T 19112 —2003	GB/T 8235 —2019

油茶枯饼质量分数/% oil tea camellia defatted cake concentration		油茶果壳质量分数/% oil tea camellia shell concentration		茶油含量/(mg·kg^-1) camellia oil content
油脂fat	4~9	多缩戊糖pentosan	27~28.4	维生素E vitamin E	90~110
茶皂素 tea saponin	13~20	咖啡因caffeine	0.2~0.22	角鲨烯squalene	30~50
茶多酚tea polyphenols	2~7	鞣质tannins	9~9.2	甾醇sterol	200~300
茶多糖tea polysaccharide	30~50	皂素saponin	8.5~8.7	多酚plant polyphenol	5.5~35.8
蛋白质protein	11~16	木质素lignin	41.5~44.4

油茶产业发展新论

A new view on the development of oil tea camellia industry

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生产环节 production processes	国标 national standard	行业标准 industry standard	地方标准 local standard	小计 total number	省区标准数 province number
育种、繁育 breeding and propagation	2	15	18	35	11
抚育、管理 tending and management	0	13	28	41	12
采收、产品 harvesting and production	3	1	8	12	7
合计 total number	5	29	54	88	15(去掉重复) eliminating duplication

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