降香黄檀生长和材性性状种源差异及早期选择

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903018

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 11-17.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903018

所属专题：红木类珍贵树种专题

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降香黄檀生长和材性性状种源差异及早期选择

洪舟(), 杨曾奖, 张宁南, 郭俊誉, 刘小金, 崔之益, 徐大平^*()

中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所, 广东广州 510520

收稿日期:2019-03-07 修回日期:2019-04-23 出版日期:2020-02-08 发布日期:2020-02-02
通讯作者: 徐大平
作者简介:洪舟( hzhou1981@sina.com),副研究员。
基金资助:
中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(CAFYBB2017ZA001-7);国家自然科学基金项目(31500537)

Variation and provenance juvenile selection of growth and wood characters for Dalbergia odorifera

HONG Zhou(), YANG Zengjiang, ZHANG Ningnan, GUO Junyu, LIU Xiaojin, CUI Zhiyi, XU Daping^*()

Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China

Received:2019-03-07 Revised:2019-04-23 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-02-02
Contact: XU Daping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究目前收集的濒危树种降香黄檀种源的生长和材性性状差异,为广东地区降香黄檀造林提供优良种源。【方法】 对广东省阳江市11年生降香黄檀种源试验林进行调查分析,观测树高、胸径、单株材积、木材基本密度和心材比率,在生长和材性性状统计分析的基础上,分析性状与产地地理气候因子的相关性,并依据聚类和隶属函数分析结果进行早期速生优质种源选择。【结果】 8个种源降香黄檀各性状间均存在显著差异,其中材积和心材比率在种源间的差异最大。胸径和单株材积在种源间的差异达到极显著(P < 0.01)水平,其余3个性状在种源间的差异均达到显著水平( P < 0.05)。降香黄檀各性状间存在一定的相关性,心材比率与胸径性状呈极显著正相关( P < 0.01)。降香黄檀木材基本密度的种源变异主要受种源地年降雨量和年均气温影响,来自年降雨量较少、气温较低地区的降香黄檀种源,其树高、胸径和材积等生长量较大,木材基本密度较大,心材比率也较高。依据相关分析及聚类分析的结果,可以将8个种源大致划分为具有明显地理格局的两类:一类为东部沿海种源,另一类为中西部山脉种源。 【结论】 降香黄檀的遗传分化与年降雨量和年均气温均有一定的关系。初步挑选出生长快、材质优,心材比率高的白沙种源可作为适宜广东地区造林的降香黄檀优良种源。

关键词: 降香黄檀, 生长, 材性性状, 种源, 早期选择, 红木

Abstract:

【Objective】 Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, commonly known as Hainan Huanghuali, Jiangxiang or Hualimu, belongs to the genus Dalbergia, family Papilionoideae. It is a unique redwood tree species in China and is used to make high quality furniture. The variation of provenance and provenance division of growth and wood basic density of D. odorifera were studied, and fast-growing, high-quality provenance was selected preliminarily, which provided strong seedlings for afforestation in Guangdong.【Method】 We analyzed growth (height, diameter at breast height (DBH) as well as single tree volume) and wood traits (wood base density and heartwood ratio) in the 11-year provenance test conducted in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between phenotypic and genotypic characters and original geo-climatic factors. Based on the results generated from cluster analysis and membership function method, the provenances with superior growth and wood properties were selected at early stage. 【Result】 Significant or extremely significant provenance variations were observed in height, DBH, volume, wood basic density and heartwood ratio of D. odorifera, suggesting genetic differentiation among provenances. The variation ranges of provenance for DBH and tree volume were 3.07-13.73 cm and 0.002 156-0.050 541 m³, respectively. The maximum value of provenance was 4.47 and 23.44 times of the minimum value, and the coefficients of variation of provenance phenotype for DBH and tree volume were 26.01% and 61.99%, respectively. Compared to the growth character, the provenance differentiation of wood basic density was relatively small, with the values ranging from 0.416-0.768 g/cm³. The maximum value of provenance was 1.84 times of the minimum value, and the phenotypic variation coefficient of provenance was 8.85%. On an average, 33.54% of D. odorifera plants formed heartwood when 10 years old, and the variation range of provenance was 16.67%-50.00%. No significant positive correlation was observed between wood basic density and height, DBH and volume (0.60, 0.54 and 0.50, respectively). The DBH and volume of D. odorifera provenance were positively correlated with the ratio of heartwood. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis showed that the 8 provenances could be classified into 2 groups with clear geographic structure. The first group consisted of the Northeast coastal provenances zoo of Hainan Island, including Haikou, Wenchang and Wanning provenances, and the second group consisted of Midwest mountain provenances zoo of Hainan, including Bawangling, Dongfang, Wuzhishan, Baisha and Jianfeng provenances. Three growth characters and two wood characters ofD. odorifera were selected for comprehensive evaluation by membership function method used in fuzzy mathematics. The comprehensive evaluation of 8 provenances was different, ranging from 0 to 0.90. The highest average subordinate value was Baisha provenance (0.90), followed by Bawangling provenance (0.61). According to the final evaluation of the comprehensive score, the Baisha provenance was the best. The tree height, DBH, volume, basic density, and the proportion of forming heartwood of Baisha provenance were increased 5.61%, 14.04%, 42.78%, 0.33% and 17.23%, respectively.【Conclusion】 The genetic provenance differentiation of D. odorifera was related to location annual rainfall and average temperature. The local annual precipitation and average temperature were the main climatic factors which led to the variation of wood density for D. odorifera. The provenances tested from lower annual precipitation and annual average temperature region were not only higher in height,diameter and tree volume but also exhibited higher wood basic density and heartwood ratio. Baisha provenance from the middle mountain area with fast growing, highly-quality wood and higher heartwood forming ratio was considered to possess high adaptability for afforestation in Guangdong Province.

Key words: Dalbergia odorifera, growth, wood traits, provenance, juvenile selection, redwood tree

中图分类号:

S722

洪舟,杨曾奖,张宁南,等. 降香黄檀生长和材性性状种源差异及早期选择[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 44(1): 11-17.

HONG Zhou, YANG Zengjiang, ZHANG Ningnan, GUO Junyu, LIU Xiaojin, CUI Zhiyi, XU Daping. Variation and provenance juvenile selection of growth and wood characters for Dalbergia odorifera[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(1): 11-17.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201903018.

图/表 7

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种源 provenance	经度 (E)/ (°) longitude	纬度 (N)/ (°) latitude	海拔/m altitude	7月平均气温/℃ average temperature in July	1月平均气温/℃ average temperature in January	年降水量/mm annual precipitation	年均气温/℃ annual average temperature
文昌Wenchang	110.7	19.6	30	28.6	18.2	1 777	24.3
海口Haikou	110.3	20.1	61	28.7	17.3	1 790	24.1
白沙Baisha	109.4	19.2	173	27.3	17.6	1 341	23.4
五指山Wuzhishan	109.6	18.8	146	24.6	16.2	1 395	21.2
东方Dongfang	108.6	19.1	63	29.3	19.1	1 515	24.9
尖峰Jianfeng	109.1	18.6	57	27.8	19.1	1 310	24.2
万宁Wanning	110.7	18.8	60	28.8	20	1 826	25.2
霸王岭Bawanglin	109.1	19.1	166	25.7	16.4	1 495	21.9

性状 traits	均值 mean	变幅 range	表型变异系数/% PCV	变异来源source of variation
性状 traits	均值 mean	变幅 range	表型变异系数/% PCV	种源provenance	区组block	误差error
树高/m height	4.7	2.7~7.2	13.09	0.697 000^*	6.363 000^**	0.318 000
胸径/cm DBH	7.42	3.07~13.73	26.01	11.833 000^**	2.020 000^ns	3.560 000
材积/m³tree volume	0.013 201	0.002 156~0.050 541	61.99	0.000 266^**	0.000 076 ^ns	0.000 061
基本密度/(g·cm^-3) base density	0.596	0.416~0.768	8.85	0.007 139^*	0.002 436 ^ns	0.002 749
心材比率/% heartwood ratio	35.54	16.67~50.00	27.88	198.330 000^*	-	54.360 000

种源 provenance	树高/m height	胸径/cm DBH	材积/m³ tree volume	基本密度/(g·cm^-3) base density	心材比率/% heartwood ratio
文昌Wenchang	4.7±0.7 ab	6.77±0.90 bc	0.010 619±0.003 986 bc	0.586±0.051 a	28.97±4.18 bc
海口Haikou	4.6±0.6 b	7.22±1.56 bc	0.012 108±0.005 874 bc	0.590±0.044 a	35.81±5.49 ab
白沙Baisha	5.0±0.9 a	8.46±2.69 a	0.018 848±0.011 539 a	0.598±0.048 a	41.67±8.33 ab
五指山Wuzhishan	4.8±0.6 ab	7.13±1.56 bc	0.012 094±0.006 087 bc	0.614±0.053 a	34.05±12.30 abc
东方Dongfang	4.7±0.6 ab	7.79±2.45 ab	0.014 150±0.011 219 b	0.594±0.054 a	35.87±10.70 ab
尖峰Jianfeng	4.6±0.4 b	7.23±1.51 bc	0.011 933±0.006 118 bc	0.598±0.055 ab	40.33±5.15 ab
万宁Wanning	4.5±0.5 b	6.33±1.06 c	0.008 894±0.003 624 c	0.561±0.049 b	20.56±4.19 c
霸王岭Bawanglin	4.7±0.6 ab	7.59±1.83 ab	0.013 670±0.007 390 b	0.591±0.057 ab	47.04±2.80 a

指标 index	树高 height	胸径 DBH	材积 tree volume	基本密度 base density
胸径 DBH	0.82^**
材积 tree volume	0.86^**	0.98^**
基本密度 base density	0.60	0.54	0.50
心材比率 heartwood ratio	0.49	0.77^**	0.70^*	0.62

性状 traits	经度 longitude	纬度 latitude	海拔 altitude	7月平均气温 average temperature in July	1月平均气温 average temperature in January	年降水 annual precipitation	年均气温 annual average temperature
树高 height	-0.35	0.22	0.59	-0.28	-0.50	-0.47	-0.50
胸径 DBH	-0.71^*	0.06	0.62	-0.18	-0.35	-0.67	-0.36
材积 tree volume	-0.60	0.06	0.67	-0.2	-0.35	-0.64	-0.36
基本密度 base density	-0.57	-0.09	0.46	-0.62	-0.67	-0.74^*	-0.76^*
心材比率 heartwood ratio	-0.74^*	0.01	0.61	-0.44	-0.58	-0.70^*	-0.53

降香黄檀生长和材性性状种源差异及早期选择

Variation and provenance juvenile selection of growth and wood characters for Dalbergia odorifera

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排序 rank	种源 provenance	树高 height	胸径 DBH	材积 tree volume	基本密度 base density	心材比率 heartwood ratio	平均值 mean
1	白沙Baisha	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.70	0.80	0.90
2	霸王岭Bawanglin	0.45	0.59	0.48	0.57	1.00	0.61
3	东方Dongfang	0.55	0.69	0.53	0.62	0.58	0.59
4	五指山Wuzhishan	0.57	0.37	0.32	1.00	0.51	0.55
5	尖峰Jianfeng	0.19	0.42	0.31	0.70	0.75	0.47
6	海口Haikou	0.35	0.42	0.32	0.55	0.58	0.44
7	文昌Wenchang	0.52	0.21	0.17	0.47	0.32	0.33
8	万宁Wanning	0	0	0	0	0	0

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