六盘山华北落叶松林分蒸腾特征及其影响因素

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202001025

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2021, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 131-140.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202001025

六盘山华北落叶松林分蒸腾特征及其影响因素

于松平¹^,²(), 刘泽彬², 郭建斌¹^,^*(), 王彦辉², 于澎涛², 王蕾¹

1.北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083
2.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京 100091

收稿日期:2020-01-09 接受日期:2020-05-13 出版日期:2021-01-30 发布日期:2021-02-01
通讯作者: 郭建斌
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0504602);国家自然科学基金项目(41971038)

Stand transpiration characteristics of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and their influencing factors in Liupan Mountain

YU Songping¹^,²(), LIU Zebin², GUO Jianbin¹^,^*(), WANG Yanhui², YU Pengtao², WANG Lei¹

1. College of Soil & Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2020-01-09 Accepted:2020-05-13 Online:2021-01-30 Published:2021-02-01
Contact: GUO Jianbin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】林分蒸腾作为土壤-植物-大气连续体的关键过程,是森林生态系统中重要的水分输出项,可占森林总蒸散的50%以上,探究林分蒸腾对环境因子的响应规律可为科学指导造林及林水综合管理提供理论依据和数据支持。【方法】以国家林业和草原局宁夏六盘山定位站为依托,在2016年生长季(5—9月),对六盘山半湿润区的华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)林的树干液流进行观测,经尺度上推得到林分蒸腾量,并同步观测林外大气因子和林内土壤含水量,分析林分蒸腾对大气因子和根系层(0~60 cm土层)土壤含水量的响应。【结果】①研究期间,林分日蒸腾变化范围为0.005~1.866 mm/d,平均值为1.042 mm/d。不同月份的林分日蒸腾平均值从大到小依次为:6月(1.325 mm/d)、5月(1.099 mm/d)、7月(1.077 mm/d)、8月(1.009 mm/d)、9月(0.717 mm/d)。②通过各大气因子与林分日蒸腾的相关系数矩阵发现,影响林分日蒸腾的主要大气因子为太阳辐射强度(R_n)、饱和水汽压差(D_VPD)及空气相对湿度(H_RH),相关性从大到小依次为R_n(0.784)、D_VPD(0.754)、H_RH(-0.704)。③借助因子分析可将影响林分日蒸腾的大气因子降维成气候波动因子(44.9%)、蒸腾驱动因子(35.2%)和空气运动因子(15.7%)3个综合指标,其中构成蒸腾驱动因子的3个载荷因子(R_n、D_VPD和H_RH)均与林分日蒸腾显著相关,且蒸腾驱动因子与林分日蒸腾的拟合效果(R²=0.688)优于潜在蒸散(T_PET)与林分日蒸腾的拟合效果(R²=0.649)。④通过多元回归拟合及偏相关系数的可比性得出,太阳辐射强度(R_n)和饱和水汽压差(D_VPD)二者对林分日蒸腾的贡献率可达93%,其中R_n的贡献率为54.2%,D_VPD的贡献率为38.8%。⑤基于脱耦联系数与林分蒸腾的日内变化曲线得到,R_n主导蒸腾的时间一般在太阳升起到净辐射最高的上午11:00,而D_VPD主导蒸腾的时间一般是下午和夜间。⑥在土壤湿润条件下[根系层平均土壤相对可利用水分(W_REW)>0.38],林分日蒸腾与≥40~60 cm土层W_REW显著正相关(P<0.01),与其他土层W_REW不相关或显著负相关。在土壤干旱条件下(根系层平均W_REW≤0.38),林分日蒸腾与≥20~40和≥40~60 cm土层W_REW显著正相关(P<0.01),与0~10和≥10~20 cm土层W_REW显著负相关。【结论】影响华北落叶松林分日蒸腾的大气因子主要是R_n和D_VPD,且在日内尺度上二者主导蒸腾的时段不同;本研究中提出的蒸腾驱动因子在反映大气因子对林分蒸腾综合影响上优于潜在蒸散(T_PET);在土壤湿润条件下华北落叶松林蒸腾耗水主要利用深层(≥40~60 cm土层)土壤水分,而在土壤干旱条件下华北落叶松蒸腾耗水将利用≥20~60 cm土层的土壤水分。

关键词: 林分蒸腾, 大气因子, 蒸腾驱动因子, 土壤相对可利用水分, 响应特征

Abstract:

【Objective】Stand transpiration, a key process in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, is an important water output item in the forest ecosystem, accounting for more than 50% of the total forest evapotranspiration. Therefore, exploring the stand transpiration response to environmental factors can provide a theoretical basis and data support for the scientific guidance of afforestation and integrated management of forest and water.【Method】At the Ningxia Liupan Mountain positioning station of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, the sap flow of a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation during the growing season (May-September) of 2016 was observed in the semi-humid area of Liupan Mountain and scaled-up for an estimation of stand transpiration. Meanwhile, the atmospheric factors outside the forest and the soil water content under the forest were simultaneously observed and the response of stand transpiration to atmospheric factors and root-zone (0-60 cm soil layer) soil water content was analyzed.【Result】 ① During the study period, the daily stand transpiration ranged from 0.005 to 1.866 mm/d, with a mean of 1.042 mm/d. The daily stand transpiration in different months was: June (1.325 mm/d) >May (1.099 mm/d) >July (1.077 mm/d) >August (1.009 mm/d) >September (0.717 mm/d). ② According to the correlation coefficient matrix of atmospheric factors and daily stand transpiration, the main atmospheric factors affecting daily stand transpiration were solar radiation intensity (R_n), saturated water vapor pressure deficit (D_VPD) and relative air humidity (H_RH). The order of correlation was: R_n (0.784) >D_VPD (0.754) >H_RH (-0.704). ③ The atmospheric factors could be reduced to three comprehensive indicators based on the factor analysis were climate fluctuation factor (44.9%), transpiration driving factor (35.2%) and air mobility factor (15.7%). The relevant analysis showed that transpiration driving factors (R_n, D_VPD and H_RH) and stand transpiration were significantly correlated. Also, the fitting effect of transpiration driving factors and stand transpiration (R² = 0.688) was better than the fitting effect of potential evapotranspiration and daily stand transpiration T_PET (R² = 0.649). ④ The contribution rate of R_n and D_VPD to the daily stand transpiration could reach 93%, of which 54.2% came from R_n,and 38.8% came from D_VPD. ⑤ The diurnal variation of decoupling coefficient and stand transpiration showed that the time of R_n controlling transpiration occurred from sunrise to the highest net radiation (at 11:00 am), while the time of D_VPD controlling transpiration occurred in the afternoon and at night. ⑥ Under humid soil conditions [root-zone relative extract water (W_REW)>0.38], the daily stand transpiration was significantly positively correlated with W_REW in the 40-60 cm soil layers (P<0.01), but there was no significant correlation or significant negative correlation with W_REW in other soil layers. Under soil drought conditions (root-zone W_REW≤0.38), the daily stand transpiration was significantly positively correlated with W_REW of ≥20-40 cm and ≥40-60 cm soil layers (P<0.01), and was not significantly negatively correlated with W_REW of 0-10 cm and ≥10-20 cm soil layers.【Conclusion】The main atmospheric factors affecting stand transpiration were R_n and D_VPD, and in the intra-day scale, the period dominating transpiration was different between the two factors. The transpiration driving factor was better than T_PET in reflecting the comprehensive effect of atmospheric factors on stand transpiration. Under humid soil conditions, the water source for transpiration in Larix principis-rupprechtii was mainly from the ≥40-60 cm soil profile layers, while under soil drought conditions, the water source of transpiration was mainly from the ≥20-60 cm soil profile layers.

Key words: stand transpiration, atmospheric factor, transpiration driving factor, soil relative extract water, response characteristics

中图分类号:

S715

于松平,刘泽彬,郭建斌,等. 六盘山华北落叶松林分蒸腾特征及其影响因素[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 45(1): 131-140.

YU Songping, LIU Zebin, GUO Jianbin, WANG Yanhui, YU Pengtao, WANG Lei. Stand transpiration characteristics of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and their influencing factors in Liupan Mountain[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2021, 45(1): 131-140.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202001025.

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变量 variable	W	R_n	T_a	H_RH	D_VPD	T_a,min	T_a,max	T
W	1
R_n	0.287^**	1
T_a	0.029	-0.025	1
H_RH	-0.536^**	-0.720^**	0.014	1
D_VPD	0.402^**	0.730^**	0.410^**	-0.841^**	1
T_a,min	0.021	-0.058	0.999^**	0.043	0.380^**	1
T_a,max	0.042	0.017	0.999^**	-0.023	0.446^**	0.996^**	1
T	0.219^**	0.784^**	0.144	-0.704^**	0.754^**	0.118	0.177^*	1

综合因子 comprehensive factor	方差 variance	方差贡献率/% variance proportion	累计方差贡献/% variance cum
Fac-1	3.139	44.85	44.85
Fac-2	2.446	35.23	80.08
Fac-3	1.098	15.68	95.75

综合因子 comprehensive factor	Fac-1			Fac-2			Fac-3
综合因子 comprehensive factor	T_a	T_a,min	T_a,max	R_n	D_VPD	H_RH	W
Fac-1	0.999	0.999	0.996	-0.072	0.380	0.050	0.010
Fac-2	0.041	0.007	0.084	0.930	0.876	-0.873	0.252
Fac-3	0.007	0.007	0.008	0.004	0.203	-0.373	0.958
偏回归系数 partial regression coefficient	2.736	-0.521	-1.218	0.485	0.347	-0.063	—
综合贡献率 comprehensive contribution rate	0.611	0.116	0.273	0.542	0.388	0.070	1

W_REW梯度 W_REW gradient	土层深度/cm soil depths				样本容量 size
W_REW梯度 W_REW gradient	0~10	≥10~20	≥20~40	≥40~60	样本容量 size
土壤干旱 soil drought (W_REW≤0.38)	-0.473^**	-0.264^*	0.387^**	0.596^**	61
土壤湿润 soil humid (W_REW>0.38)	-0.224^*	-0.164	0.160	0.305^**	84

六盘山华北落叶松林分蒸腾特征及其影响因素

Stand transpiration characteristics of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and their influencing factors in Liupan Mountain

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