南京林业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 205-214.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201908031
收稿日期:
2019-08-23
修回日期:
2020-01-02
出版日期:
2020-07-22
发布日期:
2021-07-09
通讯作者:
张红霄
作者简介:
王祥玉(基金资助:
WANG Xiangyu1(), ZHANG Hongxiao1(), XU Jingwen1, HE Wenjian2
Received:
2019-08-23
Revised:
2020-01-02
Online:
2020-07-22
Published:
2021-07-09
Contact:
ZHANG Hongxiao
摘要: 探究在中国土地流转过程中,农户不同的流转契约形式、流转期限选择对参与流转农户家庭收入的影响,以期得到更优流转契约选择,为推动有序土地流转、保障流转户权益提供建议。 运用理论与实证相结合的方法,通过实地调研所获江苏省4县12村161户参与流转农户数据,进行多元线性回归(OLS)、引入工具变量的2SLS模型分析。 OLS模型结果表明,长期正式契约不利于流转主体非农收入的增长。土地流转中正式契约形式对总收入产生0. 34倍负向影响,对非农收入产生2. 955倍负向影响;流转契约期限对农户非农收入产生0. 106倍负向作用。在加入工具变量后,2SLS模型结果显示,流转期限变量对农户家庭收入的影响均不显著,而正式契约对农业收入的有效性得以验证。正式契约有利于农业收入增长,对农业收入的贡献达2. 993倍;不利于非农收入增加,对非农收入的负向影响效果达5. 319倍。对于增加农户总收入及农业收入而言,提高现经营土地面积可起显著作用。 推进正式契约发展,对于吸引规模经营主体进入农业经营领域,促进农户增收具有优势。契约期限对农户增收效果不显著,可能由作物生长周期的限制和固定投资的影响不明显所致。农户契约选择应该充分尊重流转主体的意思自治,不宜盲目推行长期正式契约的签署。对于流入、流出主体应进行有效的农业种植结构规划培训以及非农就业培训,减少资源错配现象,最大化发挥契约形式、契约期限所带来的产权稳定性预期效应,改善农户增收效果。
中图分类号:
王祥玉,张红霄,徐静文,等. 农地流转契约对流转农户收入的影响分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 44(4): 205-214.
WANG Xiangyu, ZHANG Hongxiao, XU Jingwen, HE Wenjian. An impact of contracts and their duration on household income of farmers involved in land transfer[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 44(4): 205-214.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.201908031.
表1
各变量定义与描述性统计"
类别 type | 变量名称 variable | 定义 description | 平均值 mean | 标准差 SD | 最小值 min | 最大值 max | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
因变量 dependent variable | ln Vincome | 家庭总收入对数值 | 10. 950 | 1. 413 | 6. 415 | 14. 254 | |
ln Vagrincome | 农业收入对数值 | 8. 430 | 3. 799 | 0 | 14. 180 | ||
ln Vnonagrincome | 非农业收入对数值 | 7. 690 | 5. 037 | 0 | 13. 337 | ||
ln Vrent | 财产性收入对数值 | 4. 888 | 3. 882 | 0 | 9. 832 | ||
自变量 independent variable | 契约方式contract | 正式契约(书面)=1, 非正式契约(口头)=0 | 0. 256 | 0. 438 | 0 | 1 | |
契约期限period | 流转契约期限/a | 12. 219 | 5. 531 | 0 | 30 | ||
控制变量 control variable | 户主特征 | 年龄age | 户主的实际年龄/岁 | 60. 056 | 11. 254 | 28 | 84 |
教育情况education | 户主受正规教育年限 | 7. 844 | 3. 522 | 0 | 19 | ||
健康情况health | 健康=1,其余=0 | 0. 770 | 0. 422 | 0 | 1 | ||
资源 禀赋特征 | 劳动力情况labour | 家庭劳动力数 | 2. 370 | 1. 246 | 0 | 6 | |
有无党员 party member | 有=1,否=0 | 0. 304 | 0. 462 | 0 | 1 | ||
ln Vlandarea | 现经营土地面积对数值 | 1. 953 | 1. 397 | 0 | 5. 994 | ||
土地质量land quality | 好=1,其他=0 | 0. 466 | 0. 500 | 0 | 1 | ||
距县城距离distance | 农地距县城距离/km | 21. 185 | 16. 915 | 0. 1 | 65. 700 | ||
Din | 是否流入土地 | 0. 338 | 0. 474 | 0 | 1 | ||
Dout | 是否流出土地 | 0. 534 | 0. 500 | 0 | 1 |
表2
流入、流出土地的农民家庭收入情况 (元)"
收入类型 income types | 流入土地方收入 income of farmers flowing into land | 流出土地方收入 income of farmers flowing out land | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
均值mean | 中位数median | 均值mean | 中位数median | |
总收入total income | 234 914. 20 | 143 100. 0 | 102 403. 60 | 47 868. 5 |
农业收入agricultural income | 162 581. 00 | 59 148. 5 | 40 896. 38 | 5 000. 0 |
非农收入non?agricultural income | 71 198. 55 | 48 000. 0 | 58 347. 01 | 36 000. 0 |
工资性收入wage income | 41 560. 87 | 21 600. 0 | 37 090. 13 | 10 000. 0 |
经营性收入business income | 29 637. 68 | 0 | 21 256. 88 | 0 |
财产性收入rent income | 1 134. 70 | 0 | 3 160. 19 | 2 480. 0 |
表3
参与流转农户的契约选择情况"
类型 type | 项目item | 参与流转农户(占比/%) farmers participating in circulation(ratio) | 流入土地户 (占比/%) land transferees (ratio) | 流出土地户 (占比/%) land transferors (ratio) |
---|---|---|---|---|
契约形式 contract forms | 正式契约formal contract | 42(26. 09) | 22(31. 88) | 25(22. 94) |
非正式契约informal contract | 119(73. 91) | 47(68. 12) | 84(77. 06) | |
契约期限 contract duration | 平均年限average period | 12. 219 | 11. 101 | 12. 578 |
长期契约,年限≥13 a long-term contracts (≥ 13 a) | 85 | 34 | 59 | |
短期契约,年限<13 a short-term contracts (< 13 a) | 76 | 35 | 50 |
表4
流转契约形式、契约期限对农户收入影响的OLS、2SLS方法估计结果"
变量类型 variable type | 项目item | 总收入 total income | 农业收入 agricultural income | 非农收入 non-agricultural income | 财产性收入 rent income | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | 2SLS | OLS | 2SLS | OLS | 2SLS | OLS | 2SLS | ||
自变量 independent variable | 契约形式contract | 0. 180 | 0. 321 | 0. 518 | 0. 993 | 0. 779 | 1. 528 | 0. 440 | 0. 984 |
契约期限period | 0. 015 | 0. 064 | 0. 042 | 0. 190 | 0. 063 | 0. 282 | 0. 035 | 0. 160 | |
控制变量 control variable | 年龄age | 0. 009 | 0. 009 | 0. 024 | 0. 029 | 0. 037 | 0. 043 | 0. 021 | 0. 024 |
受教育程度education | 0. 025 | 0. 022 | 0. 070 | 0. 062 | 0. 107 | 0. 123 | 0. 060 | 0. 075 | |
健康状况health | 0. 159 | 0. 128 | 0. 447 | 0. 441 | 0. 671 | 0. 615 | 0. 379 | 0. 439 | |
劳动力人数labour | 0. 071 | 0. 072 | 0. 200 | 0. 228 | 0. 300 | 0. 337 | 0. 170 | 0. 160 | |
有无中共党员partymember | 0. 187 | 0. 222 | 0. 527 | 0. 669 | 0. 791 | 1. 139 | 0. 447 | 0. 579 | |
现经营土地面积inlandarea | 0. 082 | 0. 088 | 0. 180 | 0. 294 | 0. 347 | 0. 399 | 0. 196 | 0. 249 | |
土地质量 land quality | 0. 159 | 0. 161 | 0. 446 | 0. 517 | 0. 670 | 0. 840 | 0. 379 | 0. 382 | |
农地离县城距离 distance | 0. 005 | 0. 005 | 0. 014 | 0. 015 | 0. 021 | 0. 030 | 0. 012 | 0. 013 | |
是否流入土地 inland | 0. 293 | 0. 354 | 0. 824 | 0. 998 | 1. 237 | 1. 636 | 0. 699 | 0. 962 | |
是否流出土地 outland | 0. 271 | 0. 287 | 0. 762 | 0. 892 | 1. 144 | 1. 393 | 0. 647 | 1. 048 | |
常数项constant | 0. 709 | 1. 251 | 1. 993 | 3. 910 | 2. 993 | 5. 614 | 1. 692 | 3. 310 | |
调整后的R2 | 0. 523 | 0. 518 | 0. 479 | 0. 331 | 0. 331 | 0. 180 | 0. 639 | 0. 608 | |
F | 15. 613 | — | 13. 257 | — | 7. 588 | — | 24. 581 | — |
1 | 农业部新闻办公室. 农村承包地确权登记颁证试点工作进展顺利[DB/OL] 2017-11-29[2019-08-20]. . |
2 | 李小云,左停,李鹤. 中国农民权益保护状况分析——《农业法》第九章“农民权益保护”实施情况调查[J]. 中国农村观察, 2007(1): 53-61. |
3 | 刘一明,罗必良,郑燕丽. 产权认知、行为能力与农地流转签约行为:基于全国890个农户的抽样调查[J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013(5):23-28. |
LIU Y M,LUO B L,ZHENG Y L. Property rights cognition,action capacity and contract signing behavior of farmland transfer:based on survey of 890 household farmers in China[J]. J Huazhong Agric Univ Soc Sci Ed,2013(5):23-28. DOI:10. 13300/j. cnki. hnwkxb. 2013. 05. 010. | |
4 | 国务院关于保持土地承包关系稳定并长久不变的意见[EB/OL]. (2019-01-27). [2019-12-01]. . |
5 | 马贤磊,仇童伟,钱忠好. 农地产权安全性与农地流转市场的农户参与:基于江苏、湖北、广西、黑龙江四省(区)调查数据的实证分析[J]. 中国农村经济,2015(2):22-37. |
6 | 洪炜杰,罗必良. 地权稳定能激励农户对农地的长期投资吗[J]. 学术研究,2018(9):78-86. |
HONG W J,LUO B L. Can-tenure security promote long⁃term investment in agricultural land [J]. Acad Res,2018(9):78-86. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-7326. 2018. 09. 013. | |
7 | 钱龙,洪名勇. 为何选择口头式、短期类和无偿型的农地流转契约:转出户控制权偏好视角下的实证分析[J]. 财贸研究,2018,29(12):48-59. |
QIAN L,HONG M Y. Why does farmland transfer contract trend to be verbal,short-term and unpaid? Empirical evidence from perspective of control right preference[J]. Finance Trade Res,2018,29(12):48-59. DOI:10. 19337/j. cnki. 34-1093/f. 2018. 12. 005. | |
8 | 何欣,蒋涛,郭良燕,等. 中国农地流转市场的发展与农户流转农地行为研究:基于2013—2015年29省的农户调查数据[J]. 管理世界,2016(6):79-89. |
HE X,JIANG T,GUO L Y,et al. Research on the development of China's farmland transfer market and farmers farmland transfer behavior: based on the farmer survey data of 29 provinces from 2013 to 2015 [J]. Manag World,2016(6):79-89. DOI:10. 19744/j. cnki. 11-1235/f. 2016. 06. 007. | |
9 | 徐珍源,孔祥智. 转出土地流转期限影响因素实证分析:基于转出农户收益与风险视角[J]. 农业技术经济,2010(7):30-40. |
XU Z Y,KONG X Z. Empirical analysis on the impact factor for the time limit of loan in land transfer:based on the perspective of rural land loaner's income and risk [J]. J Agrotech Econ,2010(7):30-40. DOI:10. 13246/j. cnki. jae. 2010. 07. 011. | |
10 | 钟文晶,罗必良. 契约期限是怎样确定的?:基于资产专用性维度的实证分析[J]. 中国农村观察,2014(4):42-51,95-96. |
ZHONG W J,LUO B L. How contract duration be determined?:based on empirical analysis from dimensions of asset specificity[J]. China Rural Surv,2014(4):42-51,95-96. | |
11 | 洪名勇,龚丽娟. 农地流转口头契约自我履约机制的实证研究[J]. 农业经济问题,2015,36(8):13-20,110. |
HONG M Y,GONG L J. Empirical research on the rural land transfer oral contracts self enforcing mechanism[J]. Issues Agric Econ,2015,36(8):13-20,110. | |
12 | 罗必良. 合约短期化与空合约假说:基于农地租约的经验证据[J]. 财经问题研究,2017(1):10-21. |
LUO B L. Hypothesis of short contract and empty contract : based on empirical evidence of farmland lease[J]. Res Financial Econ Issues,2017(1):10-21. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-176X. 2017. 01. 002. | |
13 | 邹宝玲,罗必良. 农地流转的差序格局及其决定:基于农地转出契约特征的考察[J]. 财经问题研究,2016(11):97-105. |
ZOU B L,LUO B L. The differential pattern of farmland transfer and its decision :based on the characteristics of farmland transfer contract [J]. Res Financial Econ Issues,2016(11):97-105. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-176X. 2016. 11. 014. | |
14 | HART O,MOORE J H. Contracts as reference points[J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,2008,123(1):1-48. DOI:10. 2139/ssrn. 956999. |
15 | CHEUNG E C O. An investigation of yield hinges occurring in diametrically loaded rings[J]. University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology, 1970. |
16 | 冒佩华,徐骥. 农地制度、土地经营权流转与农民收入增长[J]. 管理世界,2015(5):63-74,88. |
MAO P H,XU J. Farmland system, transfer of land management right and increase of farmer income [J]. Manag World,2015(5):63-74,88. DOI:10. 19744/j. cnki. 11-1235/f. 2015. 05. 007. | |
17 | 钱忠好,王兴稳. 农地流转何以促进农户收入增加:基于苏、桂、鄂、黑四省(区)农户调查数据的实证分析[J]. 中国农村经济,2016(10):39-50. |
QIAN Z H,WANG X W. How farmland transfer can promote the increase of peasant household income : an empirical analysis based on the data of peasant household survey in Jiangsu, Guangxi, Hubei and Heilongjiang Provinces [J]. Chin Rural Econ,2016(10):39-50. | |
18 | 高名姿. 非正式制度和资产专用性约束下的农地流转契约选择:来自农地流出户的初步证据[J]. 农村经济,2018(6):32-37. |
GAO M Z. Selection of farmland transfer contract under the constraint of informal system and asset specificity :preliminary evidence from farmland outflow households [J]. Rural Econ,2018(6):32-37. | |
19 | 洪炜杰,胡新艳. 非正式、短期化农地流转契约与自我执行:基于关联博弈强度的分析[J]. 农业技术经济,2018(11):4-19. |
HONG W J,HU X Y. Informal,short⁃term farmland transfer contract and its self⁃execution:perspective of associated game analyzing framework[J]. J Agrotech Econ,2018(11):4-19. DOI:10. 13246/j. cnki. jae. 2018. 11. 001. | |
20 | WILLIAMSON O E. The vertical integration of production:market failure considerations[J]. American Economic Review,1971,61(2):112-23. DOI:10. 1179/102452907X166845. |
21 | 王小章. “乡土中国”及其终结:费孝通“乡土中国”理论再认识:兼谈整体社会形态视野下的新型城镇化[J]. 山东社会科学,2015(2):5-12. |
WANG X Z. “Rural China” and its end: the re-understanding of Fei Xiaotong's “rural China” theory and the new urbanization from the perspective of the overall social form [J]. Shandong Soc Sci,2015(2):5-12. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1003-4145. 2015. 02. 001. | |
22 | 刘守英,王一鸽. 从乡土中国到城乡中国:中国转型的乡村变迁视角[J]. 管理世界,2018(10):128-146,232. |
LIU S Y,WANG Y G. From native rural China to urban⁃rural China:the rural transition perspective of China transformation[J]. Manag World,2018(10):128-146,232. DOI:10. 19744/j. cnki. 11-1235/f. 2018. 10. 012. | |
23 | 刘同山. 农地流转不畅对粮食产量有何影响?:以黄淮海农区小麦生产为例[J]. 中国农村经济,2018(12):103-116. |
LIU T S. The impact of inadequate farmland transfer on grain yield:evidence from wheat production in Huang⁃Huai⁃Hai district in China[J]. Chin Rural Econ,2018(12):103-116. | |
24 | 陈奕山,钟甫宁,纪月清. 为什么土地流转中存在零租金?:人情租视角的实证分析[J]. 中国农村观察,2017(4):43-56. |
CHEN Y S,ZHONG F N,JI Y Q. Why does “zero rent” exist in farmland transfer:an empirical analysis from the perspective of rent type[J]. China Rural Surv,2017(4):43-56. | |
25 | 郜亮亮,冀县卿,黄季焜. 中国农户农地使用权预期对农地长期投资的影响分析[J]. 中国农村经济,2013(11):24-33. |
GAO L L,JI X Q,HUANG J K. An analysis of the impact of the expectation of the right to use agricultural land on the long-term investment of agricultural land in China [J]. Chin Rural Econ,2013(11):24-33. | |
26 | 李星光,刘军弟,霍学喜. 农地流转中的正式、非正式契约选择:基于苹果种植户的实证分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(1):8-13. |
LI X G,LIU J D,HUO X X. Formal or informal contract selection in farmland transfer:empirical study on apple farmers[J]. J Arid Land Resour Environ,2018,32(1):8-13. DOI:10. 13448/j. cnki. jalre. 2018. 002. | |
27 | 罗必良,汪沙,李尚蒲. 交易费用、农户认知与农地流转:来自广东省的农户问卷调查[J]. 农业技术经济, 2012(1): 11-21. DOI:10. 13246/j. cnki. jae. 2012. 01. 003, |
LUO B L, WANG S, LI S P. Transaction cost, farmer cognition and farmland transfer:a questionnaire survey of farmers from Guangdong province[J]. J Agrotech Econ,2012(1): 11-21. | |
28 | 徐静文,何文剑,张红霄,等. 信贷约束与农户收入关系文献综述:以林权抵押贷款为例[J]. 世界林业研究,2018,31(5):13-18. |
XU J W,HE W J,ZHANG H X,et al. Literature review on the relationship between credit constraint and farmers income:a case study of forest right mortgage system[J]. World For Res,2018,31(5):13-18. DOI:10. 13348/j. cnki. sjlyyj. 2018. 0071. y. | |
29 | WILLIAMSON O E. Transaction⁃cost economics: the governance of contractual relations[J]. Journal of Law & Economics, 1979, 22(2): 233-261. DOI:10. 2307/725118. |
30 | 刘文勇,孟庆国,张悦. 农地流转租约形式影响因素的实证研究[J]. 农业经济问题,2013,34(8):43-48,111. |
LIU W Y,MENG Q G,ZHANG Y. An empirical study on influencing factors of the contract form of farmland transfer[J]. Issues Agric Econ,2013,34(8):43-48,111. DOI:10. 13246/j. cnki. iae. 2013. 08. 009. | |
31 | 姚洋. 农地制度与农业绩效的实证研究[J]. 中国农村观察,1998(6):3-12. |
YAO Y. An empirical study on farmland system and agricultural performance [J]. China Rural Surv,1998(6):3-12. | |
32 | 田传浩,李明坤. 土地市场发育对劳动力非农就业的影响:基于浙、鄂、陕的经验[J]. 农业技术经济,2014(8):11-24. |
TIAN C H, LI M K. The impact of land market development on non⁃agricultural employment of labor force: based on the experience of Zhejiang, Hubei and Shannxi [J]. J Agrotech Econ,2014(8):11-24. DOI:10. 13246/j. cnki. jae. 2014. 08. 002. | |
33 | 诸培新,张建,张志林. 农地流转对农户收入影响研究:对政府主导与农户主导型农地流转的比较分析[J]. 中国土地科学,2015,29(11):70-77. |
ZHU P X,ZHANG J,ZHANG Z L. Research on the impact of farmland transfer on household income:a comparative analysis between farmland transfer controlled by government and farmers[J]. China Land Sci,2015,29(11):70-77. | |
34 | 张兰,冯淑怡,陆华良,等. 农地不同流转去向对转出户收入的影响:来自江苏省的证据[J]. 中国农村观察,2017(5):116-129. |
ZHANG L,FENG S Y,LU H L,et al. The impacts of farmland lease to tenants of different types on lessor household income:evidence from Jiangsu Province[J]. China Rural Surv,2017(5):116-129. | |
35 | 许庆,田士超,徐志刚,等. 农地制度、土地细碎化与农民收入不平等[J]. 经济研究,2008,43(2):83-92,105. |
XU Q,TIAN S C,XU Z G,et al. Rural land system,land fragmentation and farmer's income inequality[J]. Econ Res J,2008,43(2):83-92,105. | |
36 | 程名望,史清华,JIN Yanhong. 农户收入水平、结构及其影响因素:基于全国农村固定观察点微观数据的实证分析[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究,2014,31(5):3-19. |
CHENG M W,SHI Q H,JIN Y H. Incomes level,structure and its causes[J]. J Quant Tech Econ,2014,31(5):3-19. DOI:10. 13653/j. cnki. jqte. 2014. 05. 001. | |
37 | 汪海燕. 农地股份合作社生成机理实证研究:基于交易成本理论[J]. 经济研究导刊,2018(31):12-13. |
WANG H Y. An empirical study on the formation mechanism of agricultural land stock cooperative: based on the theory of transaction cost [J]. Econ Res Guid,2018(31):12-13. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1673-291X. 2018. 31. 006. | |
38 | 何文剑,徐静文,张红霄. 森林采伐限额管理制度能否起到保护森林资源的作用[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(7):128-136. |
HE W J,XU J W,ZHANG H X. Can the forest logging quota management system protect forest resources?[J]. China Popul Resour Environ,2016,26(7):128-136. DOI:10. 3969/j. issn. 1002-2104. 2016. 07. 016. | |
39 | 丰雷,蒋妍,叶剑平. 诱致性制度变迁还是强制性制度变迁?:中国农村土地调整的制度演进及地区差异研究[J]. 经济研究,2013,48(6):4-18,57. |
FENG L,JIANG Y,YE J P. Induced institutional change or imposed institutional change?:institutio⁃nal change and regional difference of land reallocations in rural China[J]. Econ Res J,2013,48(6):4-18,57. | |
40 | 刘同山,吴刚. 农地资源错配的收益损失:基于农户农地经营规模调整意愿的计量分析[J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2019,19(6):107-118,159. |
LIU T S,WU G. Benefit loss of farmland resource misallocation:an empirical analysis based on farmers' willingness to transfer farmland[J]. J Nanjing Agric Univ (Soc Sci Ed),2019,19(6):107-118,159. DOI:10. 19714/j. cnki. 1671-7465. 2019. 0091. | |
41 | 高强. 乡村善治的基本特征、实现路径与政策支撑[J]. 环境保护,2019,47(2):19-22. |
GAO Q. The basic feature,realization route and policy support of good governance in rural areas[J]. Environ Prot,2019,47(2):19-22. DOI:10. 14026/j. cnki. 0253-9705. 2019. 02. 005. | |
42 | 张建,诸培新,王敏. 政府干预农地流转:农户收入及资源配置效率[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(6):75-83. |
ZHANG J,ZHU P X,WANG M. Farmland transfer under government intervention:household income and resources allocative efficiencies[J]. China Popul Resour Environ,2016,26(6):75-83. DOI:0. 3969/j. issn. 1002-2104. 2016. 06. 010. |
[1] | 付天琴, 吉星, 张红霄. 工商资本下乡流入农户土地的收入效应及异质性分析[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 47(6): 272-280. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||